75 research outputs found
Local Entropy Characterization of Correlated Random Microstructures
A rigorous connection is established between the local porosity entropy
introduced by Boger et al. (Physica A 187, 55 (1992)) and the configurational
entropy of Andraud et al. (Physica A 207, 208 (1994)). These entropies were
introduced as morphological descriptors derived from local volume fluctuations
in arbitrary correlated microstructures occuring in porous media, composites or
other heterogeneous systems. It is found that the entropy lengths at which the
entropies assume an extremum become identical for high enough resolution of the
underlying configurations. Several examples of porous and heterogeneous media
are given which demonstrate the usefulness and importance of this morphological
local entropy concept.Comment: 15 pages. please contact [email protected] and have a look
at http://www.ica1.uni-stuttgart.de/ . To appear in Physica
Variation in Extemporaneous Glucocorticoid Formulations and Doses for Asthma-like Symptoms in Children
Comparison of efficacy in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab who did or did not discontinue treatment due to immune-related adverse events:A real-world data study
SIMPLE SUMMARY: This retrospective study of real-world patients with metastatic melanoma shows that discontinuing treatment with combination immunotherapy due to adverse events does not result in a poorer outcome compared to patients that did not discontinue due to toxicity. This is important knowledge for clinicians and patients, as discontinuing treatment may cause great anxiety for patients because they believe that it may limit the response. ABSTRACT: Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are very prevalent when treating patients with ipilimumab and nivolumab in combination, and 30–40% of patients discontinue the treatment for this reason. It is of high clinical relevance to investigate the consequences of discontinuing the treatment early since combination therapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab is the first line of treatment for many patients with metastatic melanoma. In this follow-up study, with real-world data from the nationwide DAMMED database, we investigated whether there was a difference in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients who discontinued or did not discontinue treatment within the first four doses of treatment due to irAEs. In total, 448 patients were treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab. Of these, 133 patients discontinued due to irAEs in the induction phase. Using the Cox proportional hazards model, there was no significant difference in PFS when comparing the group that discontinued with the group that did not discontinue. The group that discontinued had a significantly longer OS than the group that received the full length of treatment. Therefore, we conclude that there is no significant negative impact on efficacy for patients who discontinue due to irAEs in the induction phase of combination immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma
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