Strike, under the Industrial Relations Act 1967. / Haslina Hassan

The main purpose of the study of strike under the Industrial Relations Act 1967, is an attempt to analyse the statutory provisions provided in the Industrial Relations Act 1967 concerning the legality and the lawfulness of a strike action. Apart from the provisions of the Act, regards have also been given to the common law provisions in an attempt to compare and to differentiate the sanctions given by both courts and statutes. In considering the other forms of industrial action which imminent similarities with strike action, it is the most potent and final attempt by the workers to make demands on the employers on subject matters that are refused to be negotiated on by the employers in other circumstances. Considerations will also be given the question of whether a trade union of workers has a right to strike

Connectives in the World Wide Arabic corpus

This study analysed the use of connectives in the World Wide Arabic corpus of selected Gulf countries. The corpus was built by using Web BootCat where the Arabic sites had been extracted based on Arabic seed-words parallel to the English ones (Sharoff, 2006). A quantitative method has been employed to analyse the Arabic connectives extracted from the word lists prepared by SketchEngine. The results revealed that connectives, particularly connectives’ sub-topic, namely ḥurwf al-jar "حرﻭوﻑف ﺍالجر" (prepositions) appeared to be on the top ten list for the most frequent words used in all corpora irrespective of country and genre. The study also observed that there are few connectives listed and repeatedly cited in the Traditional Arabic Grammar but are not found in the corpus

Peranan pengukuran prestasi strategik ke atas kepuasan kerja dan kekuasaan psikologi dalam kalangan pengurus dalam sektor automotif

kajian pasaran mendapati inovasi, kreativiti dan kejuruteraan semula adalah antara faktor-faktor kejayaan kritikal bagi industri automo tif yang seharusnya di ukur dan di pantau. Faktor faktor ini adalah sebahagian daripada maklumat yang luas skopnya dalam sistem pengukuran prestasi strategik (PPS) yang menggabungkan ukuran kewangan dan bukan kewangan. Kajian lepas menunjukkan bahawa PPS telah dilaksanakan dan diamalkan dalam kalangan syarikat-syarikat automotif di Malaysia. Walau bagaimanapun, masih kurang jelas bagaimana sistem ini mampu mempengaruhi tingkah laku individu serta prestasi kakitangan. Oleh itu kajian ini melihat hubungan antara kesan PPS dengan tahap motivasi.Kekuasaan psikologi dan prestasi mereka. Berdasarkan maklum balas daripada 100 orang pengurus jualan automotif, kajian menunjukkan bahawa ukuran kewangan adalah berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kepuasan kerja, kekuasaan psikologi dan prestasi. Sebaliknya tiada hubungan signikan bagi ukuran bukan kewangan di laporkan. Kebimbangan bagi PPS adalah berkaitan dengan peranan ukuran bukan kewangan dalam mempengaruhi prestasi kerja kakitangan. Oleh itu perbincangan kertas ini di rumuskan dengan implikasi kepada teori dan amalan

Expatriate adjustment: Validating multicultural personality trait among self-initiated academic expatriates

This study looks at the adjustment of self initiated academic expatriates working at one of the public universities in Malaysia.The main aim of the research is to investigate the relationship between Multicultural Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) and the expatriate’s personal, professional and social adjustment.The MPQ consists of five dimensions - cultural empathy, openmindedness,social initiative, emotional stability and flexibility.One-hundred and one questionnaires were distributed to selfinitiated academic expatriates attached to various departments at the university. Results show that the MPQ predicts all three types of adjustment.Apart from the results, the discussions and limitations of the study are also presented in the paper

Expatriation in Malaysia: Predictors of Cross-Cultural Adjustment among Hotel Expatriates

The stress experienced by expatriates is usually caused by the inability to adjust to the host culture, which largely results from their lack of social skills needed in dealing with the new cultural environment. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to identify the predictors of cross-cultural adjustment among expatriates in Malaysia, by focusing on expatriates in hotel industry. The findings from the study could help clarify the over generalization made of data which are usually based on certain locations and groups of expatriates. Two hundred and three expatriates participated in the study. Personality, language ability, previous international experience, training, human resource support, social support, culture distance and family adjustment were analyzed using the multiple regression analysis to determine the predictors of adjustment. The data, which was drawn from a drop and collect method, self-administered questionnaire, revealed that social support and family adjustment were the most influential predictors of hotel expatriate adjustment. The findings also suggest that over generalizations of findings across disciplines are rather inappropriate. Detail discussions on the methods, findings, limitations, and suggestions for future research are presented in the paper

Investigation of gateway placement optimization approaches in wireless mesh networks using genetic algorithms

Recently wireless mesh networks (WMNs) gained significant roles in the current communication technologies and have been used in numerous applications such as transportation systems, rescue systems, Surveillance systems, community and neighborhood networking and etc. Therefore, many researchers pay their attention to the wireless mesh network issues especially the gateway placement optimization problems. In this paper, we study and investigate the efforts of many researchers that dealt with the gateway placement optimization problem based on combinatorial optimization concepts in comparison with other conventional algorithms as well as comparing the combinatorial based algorithms with each other. The investigation result shows that the genetic algorithms based approaches on solving gateway optimization problem relatively outperform many other approaches in addition to that the strength of the genetic algorithm depends on the fitness function which is used in measuring the quality of the individuals (fitness value)

A Corpus-Based Readability Formula for Estimate of Arabic Texts Reading Difficulty

The present study is aimed at designing a formula for estimating the difficulty of reading Arabic texts. Flesch, Gunning Fox and Dale-Chall are some of the formulae that have been used for measuring English texts difficulty. Some of them have been automated making it easy for users to check the readability level of a particular text. A few scholars have attempted to come up with a readability formula for Arabic, but none has been automated. This study is thus conducted to find the formula that would make it possible for users to measure the difficulty level of Arabic texts online. This will greatly help in materials selection for reading comprehension and testing. This paper will present the prototype of a readability formula which is based on a corpus for estimating the difficulty of Arabic written documents

Corpus-based readability formula for Arabic texts: a prototype

This research aims to produce a readability formula for Arabic texts. There are already a few formulae used for measuring the readability level of English texts. Among them are Flesch, Gunning Fox and Dale-Chall formulae. Flesch Reading Ease scale is based on sentence length and the number of syllables per hundred words, Gunning Fox Index counts sentence length and percentage of multi-syllabic words and Dale-Chall formula counts sentence length and whether a word appears on a list of acceptable words. However, Arabic has its own language rules. Hence there is a need to develop a readability formula for Arabic. This will greatly assist in the production of texts for comprehension and for testing. A study on readability is therefore crucial in the development of Arabic reading and testing materials and also in language teaching and learning. This paper will present a prototype of a readability formula which is based on word frequency for calculating the level of Arabic texts difficulty

A HMRSVP approach to support QoS challenges in mobile environment

The current Internet architecture with its best effort service model is inadequate for real time applications that need certain Quality of Service (QoS) assurances. Several QoS models are proposed, however, these models were proposed for static environment. The main aim of this paper is to propose a set of protocols that enable the support of seamless mobility with the required QoS. To achieve this, first, the current static environment QoS models are studied, evaluated and compared. Their limitations to support mobility are identified and discussed. Second Mobile RSVP (MRSVP) and its extensions Hierarchal Mobile RSVP (HMRSVP) and Resource Reservation with Pointer Forwarding (HMRSVPpf) approaches are also studied and evaluated. It was shown that the main drawback of these approaches is the scalability issue. Lastly, this paper proposes an extension to the HMRSVP approach to overcome its drawbacks

Essential skills in call class: enhancing searching and language skills

Introduction: In the quest of making learning more relevant in the contemporary era of information and communication technology, the Internet is considered a valuable resource to both language teachers and learners (Singhal, 1997). With the World Wide Web (WWW), learners of many languages have access to an unprecedented amount of authentic target language information (Warschauer, 1998; Chun and Plass, 2000). The Internet offers a great deal of supplemental language activities for the teachers to select from and later these activities provide the students with additional practices in a specific area of language learning (Chafe, 1999). The content of the Internet is generally very current and the language used to present it is real and authentic (Brown, 1999). Moreover, the use of the Internet should be endorsed as a tool to be incorporated into classroom activity as it stimulates active learning where the students' language skills and their language learning experience would be enhanced (Wetzel and Chisholm, 1998). The activities can be equally enjoyed by both advanced and slow learners