Defensa pasiva: medición y evaluación de la vulnerabilidad urbana con un enfoque de resiliencia

The purpose of the present research is to measure the level of urban safety based on the principles of passive defense, urban leveling based on the degree of vulnerability, the urban infrastructure dispersal pattern and important decision-making organizations in the city. The study is based on the urban environment, which has been used to measure the vulnerability of the city during the onset of war by using spatial indices influencing safety.El propósito de la presente investigación es medir el nivel de seguridad urbana basado en los principios de defensa pasiva, la nivelación urbana basada en el grado de vulnerabilidad, el patrón de dispersión de la infraestructura urbana y las importantes organizaciones de toma de decisiones en la ciudad. El estudio se basa en el entorno urbano, que se ha utilizado para medir la vulnerabilidad de la ciudad durante el inicio de la guerra mediante el uso de índices espaciales que influyen en la seguridad

بررسی وضعیت بروز عوارض مصرف هورمون و مواد نیروزا در ورزشکاران پرورش اندام ایلام

Background and aim: Unfortunately, some people have abused medical advances, and doping drug is a major problem that modern societies are facing. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of energizers and supplement use and their side effects among young adults in Ilam. Methods: This study was performed in fitness clubs by random sampling method. Data were collected by a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The correlation coefficient between the two operational periods was 0.78. The data were analyzed by using SPSS software at a significant level of 5%. Results: The numbers of 784 cases were studied who reported 50.3% use of different supplements, 35.5% use doping drugs. 64.5% reported at least one of the side effects. The results show a significant increase in supplements usage in the first three years of athletes. Using supplements and doping drugs is more common in professional athletes. Conclusion: Specialized training education on the side effects of supplements and drugs at an earlier age and the first years of entering the clubs can have a better impact on reducing consumption.سابقه و هدف: متاسفانه افرادی از پیشرفت­‌های پزشکی سوء­استفاده کرده و سوء­مصرف مواد نیروزا از معضلات گریبانگیر جوامع مدرن است. مطالعه با هدف برآورد میزان عوارض و شیوع مصرف مواد مکمل و مواد نیروزا در جوانان شهر ایلام انجام گردید. روش کار: این مطالعه در باشگاه­‌های بدنسازی به روش نمونه­‌گیری تخصیص تصادفی انجام شد. داده­‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه جمع­‌آوری شد که روایی و پایایی آن تایید شد. ضریب همبستگی بین دو دوره عملیاتی 0/78 بود. داده­‌ها با استفاده از نرم­‌افزار SPSS در سطح معنی­‌داری 5 درصد تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته­‌ها: مطالعه با شرکت 784 نفر انجام شد که 50/3 درصد مصرف انواع مکمل و 35/5 درصد مصرف مواد نیروزا را گزارش کرده­‌اند. 64/5% افراد حداقل یکی از عوارض جانبی را گزارش کرده­‌اند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد، در 3 سال ابتدایی فعالیت ورزشکاران افزایش معنی‌­داری در مصرف مکمل‌ها وجود دارد. مصرف مکمل­‌ها و مواد نیروزا در ورزشکاران حرفه‌ای بیشتر بود. نتیجه‌گیری: آموزش­‌های تخصصی در خصوص عوارض استفاده از هورمون‌ها و مواد نیروزا در سنین پایین و سال‌های ابتدایی ورود به باشگاه می‌­تواند تاثیر زیادی در کاهش مصرف آنها داشته باشد

Defensa pasiva: medición y evaluación de la vulnerabilidad urbana con un enfoque de resiliencia

The purpose of the present research is to measure the level of urban safety based on the principles of passive defense, urban leveling based on the degree of vulnerability, the urban infrastructure dispersal pattern and important decision-making organizations in the city. The study is based on the urban environment, which has been used to measure the vulnerability of the city during the onset of war by using spatial indices influencing safety.El propósito de la presente investigación es medir el nivel de seguridad urbana basado en los principios de defensa pasiva, la nivelación urbana basada en el grado de vulnerabilidad, el patrón de dispersión de la infraestructura urbana y las importantes organizaciones de toma de decisiones en la ciudad. El estudio se basa en el entorno urbano, que se ha utilizado para medir la vulnerabilidad de la ciudad durante el inicio de la guerra mediante el uso de índices espaciales que influyen en la seguridad

Passive Defense: Measuring and Evaluating Urban Vulnerability with Resilience Approach

The purpose of the present research is to measure the level of urban safety based on the principles of passive defense, urban leveling based on the degree of vulnerability, the urban infrastructure dispersal pattern and important decision-making organizations in the city. The study is based on the urban environment, which has been used to measure the vulnerability of the city during the onset of war by using spatial indices influencing safety

A national survey of Iranian general population to estimate a value set for the EQ-5D-5L

OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this study is to estimate a national value set of the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire for Iran.METHODS: The composite time trade-off (cTTO) and discrete choice experiment (DCE) methods; and the protocol for EuroQol Portable Valuation Technology (EQ-PVT) were used to estimate the Iran national value set. 1179 face-to-face computer-assisted interviews were conducted with adults that were recruited from five Iran major cities in 2021. Generalized least squares, Tobit, heteroskedastic, logit, and hybrid models were used to analyze the data and to identify the best fitting model.RESULTS: According to the logical consistency of the parameters, significance levels and prediction accuracy indices of the MAE; a heteroscedastic censored Tobit hybrid model combining cTTO and DCE responses was considered as the best fitting model to estimate the final value set. The predicted values ranged from - 1.19 for the worst health state (55555) to 1 for full health (11111), with 53.6% of the predicted values being negative. Mobility was the most influential dimension on health state preference values.CONCLUSIONS: The present study estimated a national EQ-5D-5L value set for Iranian policy makers and researchers. The value set enables the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire to use to calculate QALYs to assist the priority setting and efficient allocation of limited healthcare resources.</p