5,457 research outputs found
A Note on Capital Commitment and Cournot Competition with Labour-Managed and Profit-Maximising Firms
This paper shows that the discussion of Lambertini and Rossini (1998) as to the strategic investment levels oflabour-managed firms in a
labour-managed (LM) duopoly is misleading. This is due to the fact that there is no duality between the conditions for maximisation and
minimisation, and what is worse, an equilibrium needed for comparison is interior when the investment behaviour of the firms is discussed along the conventional method. We reconsider whether they overinvest or underinvest in R&D, employing a more general model with R&D spillovers. It is demonstrated that results obtained in the LM duopoly are similar to those in a conventional duopoly of profit-maximising firms
Theory of Interface: Category Theory, Directed Networks and Evolution of Biological Networks
Biological networks have two modes. The first mode is static: a network is a
passage on which something flows. The second mode is dynamic: a network is a
pattern constructed by gluing functions of entities constituting the network.
In this paper, first we discuss that these two modes can be associated with the
category theoretic duality (adjunction) and derive a natural network structure
(a path notion) for each mode by appealing to the category theoretic
universality. The path notion corresponding to the static mode is just the
usual directed path. The path notion for the dynamic mode is called lateral
path which is the alternating path considered on the set of arcs. Their general
functionalities in a network are transport and coherence, respectively. Second,
we introduce a betweenness centrality of arcs for each mode and see how the two
modes are embedded in various real biological network data. We find that there
is a trade-off relationship between the two centralities: if the value of one
is large then the value of the other is small. This can be seen as a kind of
division of labor in a network into transport on the network and coherence of
the network. Finally, we propose an optimization model of networks based on a
quality function involving intensities of the two modes in order to see how
networks with the above trade-off relationship can emerge through evolution. We
show that the trade-off relationship can be observed in the evolved networks
only when the dynamic mode is dominant in the quality function by numerical
simulations. We also show that the evolved networks have features qualitatively
similar to real biological networks by standard complex network analysis.Comment: 59 pages, minor corrections from v
Weak scale from Planck scale -- Mass Scale Generation in Classically Conformal Two Scalar System --
In the standard model, the weak scale is the only parameter with mass
dimensions. This means that the standard model itself can not explain the
origin of the weak scale. On the other hand, from the results of recent
accelerator experiments, except for some small corrections, the standard model
has increased the possibility of being an effective theory up to the Planck
scale. From these facts, it is naturally inferred that the weak scale is
determined by some dynamics from the Planck scale. In order to answer this
question, we rely on the multiple point criticality principle as a clue and
consider the classically conformal invariant
two scalar model as a minimal model in which the weak scale is generated
dynamically from the Planck scale. This model contains only two real scalar
fields and does not contain any fermions and gauge fields. In this model, due
to Coleman-Weinberg-like mechanism, one scalar field spontaneously breaks the
symmetry with a vacuum expectation value connected with the
cutoff momentum. We investigate this using the 1-loop effective potential,
renormalization group and large N limit. We also investigate whether it is
possible to reproduce the mass term and vacuum expectation value of the Higgs
field by coupling this model with the standard model in the Higgs portal
framework. In this case, the one scalar field that does not break
can be a candidate for dark matter, and have a mass of about
several TeV in appropriate parameters. On the other hand, the other scalar
field breaks and has a mass of several tens of GeV. These
results can be verified in near future experiments.Comment: 41 pages, 9 figures, minor mistakes in Section VI.B and typos
correcte
Symbolic transfer entropy rate is equal to transfer entropy rate for bivariate finite-alphabet stationary ergodic Markov processes
Transfer entropy is a measure of the magnitude and the direction of
information flow between jointly distributed stochastic processes. In recent
years, its permutation analogues are considered in the literature to estimate
the transfer entropy by counting the number of occurrences of orderings of
values, not the values themselves. It has been suggested that the method of
permutation is easy to implement, computationally low cost and robust to noise
when applying to real world time series data. In this paper, we initiate a
theoretical treatment of the corresponding rates. In particular, we consider
the transfer entropy rate and its permutation analogue, the symbolic transfer
entropy rate, and show that they are equal for any bivariate finite-alphabet
stationary ergodic Markov process. This result is an illustration of the
duality method introduced in [T. Haruna and K. Nakajima, Physica D 240, 1370
(2011)]. We also discuss the relationship among the transfer entropy rate, the
time-delayed mutual information rate and their permutation analogues.Comment: 18 page
Symbolic local information transfer
Recently, the permutation-information theoretic approach has been used in a
broad range of research fields. In particular, in the study of highdimensional
dynamical systems, it has been shown that this approach can be effective in
characterizing global properties, including the complexity of their
spatiotemporal dynamics. Here, we show that this approach can also be applied
to reveal local spatiotemporal profiles of distributed computations existing at
each spatiotemporal point in the system. J. T. Lizier et al. have recently
introduced the concept of local information dynamics, which consists of
information storage, transfer, and modification. This concept has been
intensively studied with regard to cellular automata, and has provided
quantitative evidence of several characteristic behaviors observed in the
system. In this paper, by focusing on the local information transfer, we
demonstrate that the application of the permutation-information theoretic
approach, which introduces natural symbolization methods, makes the concept
easily extendible to systems that have continuous states. We propose measures
called symbolic local transfer entropies, and apply these measures to two test
models, the coupled map lattice (CML) system and the Bak-Sneppen model
(BS-model), to show their relevance to spatiotemporal systems that have
continuous states.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figure
Al Karamu fī Syi’ri ‘Urwa Ibn Al-Ward (Dirāsatun Waṣfiyyatun Taḥlīliyyatun)
This paper: the generosity in the urwa ibn war'd poetry descriptive-analytical study. contains the nobility of humanity in the urwa's of saalik poetry, the paper also concentrates on urwa's generosity and liberality, it contains four major points, the first point is about the theoretical framework-the concept of generosity which is openhandedness, giving and feeding nicely. the second point is generosity between jahiliyyah and Islam, thus, we realized it's the role and wonderful impact in the Arab societies, even though generosity become the link for collaboration between ethic groups of Arab poor and wealthy people through social activities. it also discusses about the personality of urwa in the third and fourth point of the paper describing his popularity, nobility, and knighthood, the urwa ibn war'd listed among the most remarkable people, loved and influential hero in the jahiliyyah period. thus, he's the best of his kind and open-handedness to poor, leniency and sympathy to weakly handicaps, and daily favor to patients. impact the urwa assemble all sense of honor and specifications of generosity, donations, courage, chastity and nobility, right protection, impact he become honorable and he promoted (saalaka) and convert it to nobility
Permutation Complexity and Coupling Measures in Hidden Markov Models
In [Haruna, T. and Nakajima, K., 2011. Physica D 240, 1370-1377], the authors
introduced the duality between values (words) and orderings (permutations) as a
basis to discuss the relationship between information theoretic measures for
finite-alphabet stationary stochastic processes and their permutation
analogues. It has been used to give a simple proof of the equality between the
entropy rate and the permutation entropy rate for any finite-alphabet
stationary stochastic process and show some results on the excess entropy and
the transfer entropy for finite-alphabet stationary ergodic Markov processes.
In this paper, we extend our previous results to hidden Markov models and show
the equalities between various information theoretic complexity and coupling
measures and their permutation analogues. In particular, we show the following
two results within the realm of hidden Markov models with ergodic internal
processes: the two permutation analogues of the transfer entropy, the symbolic
transfer entropy and the transfer entropy on rank vectors, are both equivalent
to the transfer entropy if they are considered as the rates, and the directed
information theory can be captured by the permutation entropy approach.Comment: 26 page
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