Facilitating Student Engagement with External Organisations through Credit-bearing Placements. Staff, Student and External Organisation Perspectives

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Creating “The 946:” The Provenance Of A Harding History Display

This articles looks into the creation of a display in the Harding University Brackett Library in the fall of 2020. The display highlights the 946 members of the Harding community who, in 1957, signed a statement of attitude regarding their desire to fully integrate the school

Assessing the impact of increasing seawater temperature and acidity on marine organisms using ophiuroid brittlestars as an experimental model

Ocean acidification is a consequence of rapidly increasing atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and, in tandem with increasing sea temperature, poses a significant threat to marine life. A series of mesocosm experiments have been conducted at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory (Plymouth, UK) and the Kings Bay Marine Laboratory (Ny-Alesund, Svalbard) where ophiuroid brittlestars were used as a model to investigate the physiological response of marine organisms to ocean acidification and ocean warming. A 'whole organism' approach was adopted to elucidate the primary physiological responses, trade offs and conflicts that occurred. Three ophiuroid species of differing lifestyle and habitats were chosen to give an insight into how such factors influenced a species' response to ocean acidification and warming; the infaunal Amphiura filiformis, the epibenthic Ophiura ophiura, both temperate, and the Arctic epibenthic Ophiocten sericeum. There was a similar physiological response of metabolic upregulation across all three species. All species survived the lowest pH exposures (6.8 for A. filiformis, 7.3 for 0. ophiura and 0. sericeum) and showed signs of synergy between increasing water temperature and ocean acidification with the effects of lowered pH amplified as temperature increased. Beyond this, whilst specific responses differed between species, some similarity was observed between the epibenthic species 0. ophiura and 0. sericeum which both reduced arm regeneration and motility at lowered pH. In contrast, A. filiformis increased arm regeneration and suffered arm muscle wastage that appeared unsustainable. Differences in response and long term vulnerability to ocean acidification related to lifestyle (infaunal versus epibenthic) were consolidated by the Energy Limitation Model whereby the response of a species to ocean acidification is based on the increased cost of maintaining the acid-base balance of extracellular fluids. The ability to do this, and where the energy is taken from to do so, rationalises the variety of physiological responses seen between species. The results of the investigations described in this thesis indicate that even species with low regulatory capacity may survive ocean acidification. However, lifestyle may have a determining role in where energy trade offs are made to maintain acid-base balance and this may ultimately determine species survival.Plymouth Marine Laborator

A Current and Increasing Problem of Anti-Social Behavior via Anonymity Using Electronic Mediums Demanding Recognition as a Biophsychosocial Disorder that Perpetuates Criminal Behavior Online

Most people who commit crime fall into a classification of criminological, sociological or psychological disorders called biopsychosocial disorders. Cyber-crime is unique in the fact that, cyber criminals can commit crimes behind completely closed doors and they are virtually anonymous. This makes for a varied environment of theory on the causation of cyber-crimes. The proposed disorder theory, computer mediated anonymity asocial disordered theory, is based on the notion that the anonymous nature of electronic mediums in communication has significantly changed people’s interpersonal skills. The change in interpersonal development is therefore affecting social engagement behavior online and has allowed a lack of moral accountability, leading to an increase in cyber-crime

Stakeholder mapping, interaction, and incorporation in the network of accountability relationships: A case study

Neo-classically, entities were viewed as agents who were accountable to their shareholders to achieve the objective of wealth maximisation (Friedman, 1970). This neo-classical economic accountability relationship underpins the traditional accounting systems, that are designed to satisfy the information requirements of shareholders. Although accounting creates the visibility of activities, it also makes certain activities invisible, as it has been used as a governing mechanism by the capitalist power bloc that overlooks the non-financial information requirements in accountability relationships (Thomson and Bebbington, 2005). Academics such as Brown (2009) and Dillard and Vinnari (2019) have called for the development of alternative accounting systems, towards an accountability-based accounting model, in which distinct accountability relationships are represented by distinct accounting systems. This research argues that entities exist within a network of accountability relationships in which stakeholders have distinct objectives. This research contributes to the development of accountability-based accounting models through the development of a stakeholder mapping model. As each entity exists within a distinct network of accountability relationships, the research takes the form of a case study of Oatly – a Swedish oat drink producer. Through content analysis and a netnographic analysis of the entity’s social media posts, the research applies the stakeholder mapping model, developed in the literature review chapter, to Oatly. The application of the stakeholder mapping model to Oatly is the foundation for the exploration of practical and theoretical components of the entity’s accounting processes. The research highlights that accountability is a relational concept and that the representation of accountability relationships requires iterative accounting processes. The findings of this research demonstrate that Oatly exists within a network of accountability relationships. The findings of the research apply only to the reality of Oatly. However, this research provides the foundation for further research exploring accountability networks in a multiplicity of contexts.Neo-classically, entities were viewed as agents who were accountable to their shareholders to achieve the objective of wealth maximisation (Friedman, 1970). This neo-classical economic accountability relationship underpins the traditional accounting systems, that are designed to satisfy the information requirements of shareholders. Although accounting creates the visibility of activities, it also makes certain activities invisible, as it has been used as a governing mechanism by the capitalist power bloc that overlooks the non-financial information requirements in accountability relationships (Thomson and Bebbington, 2005). Academics such as Brown (2009) and Dillard and Vinnari (2019) have called for the development of alternative accounting systems, towards an accountability-based accounting model, in which distinct accountability relationships are represented by distinct accounting systems. This research argues that entities exist within a network of accountability relationships in which stakeholders have distinct objectives. This research contributes to the development of accountability-based accounting models through the development of a stakeholder mapping model. As each entity exists within a distinct network of accountability relationships, the research takes the form of a case study of Oatly – a Swedish oat drink producer. Through content analysis and a netnographic analysis of the entity’s social media posts, the research applies the stakeholder mapping model, developed in the literature review chapter, to Oatly. The application of the stakeholder mapping model to Oatly is the foundation for the exploration of practical and theoretical components of the entity’s accounting processes. The research highlights that accountability is a relational concept and that the representation of accountability relationships requires iterative accounting processes. The findings of this research demonstrate that Oatly exists within a network of accountability relationships. The findings of the research apply only to the reality of Oatly. However, this research provides the foundation for further research exploring accountability networks in a multiplicity of contexts

The Impact of Social Media on Young People’s Health and Wellbeing: Evidence, Guidelines and Actions

This report presents new evidence on the relationship between young people, social media and health, as well as providing clear guidance and actions for education and health research, policy and practice

Patients' and staff members' experiences of restrictive practices in acute mental health in-patient settings: systematic review and thematic synthesis

BACKGROUND: Recent guidance has called for the reduction of restrictive practice use owing to growing concerns over the harmful physical and psychological effects for both patients and staff. Despite concerns and efforts, these measures continue to be used regularly to manage challenging behaviour in psychiatric in-patient settings. AIMS: To undertake a systematic review of patients' and staff members' experiences of restrictive practices in acute psychiatric in-patient settings. METHOD: A systematic review and thematic synthesis was conducted using data from 21 qualitative papers identified from a systematic search across three electronic databases (PsycInfo, Embase and MEDLINE) and citation searching. The protocol for the review was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020176859). The quality of included papers was examined using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). RESULTS: Four overarching themes emerged from the experiences of patients: the psychological effects, staff communication, loss of human rights and making changes. Likewise, the analysis of staff data produced four themes: the need for restrictive practices, the psychological impact, decision-making and making changes. Patient and staff experiences of restrictive practices were overwhelmingly negative, and their use carried harmful physical and psychological consequences. Lack of support following restraint events was a problem for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Future programmes seeking to improve or reduce restrictive practices should consider the provision of staff training covering behaviour management and de-escalation techniques, offering psychological support to both patients and staff, the importance of effective staff-patient communication and the availability of alternatives