7 research outputs found

    Grain yield and its components study and their association with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) under terminal water deficit and well-irrigated conditions in wheat (Triticum durum Desf. and Triticum aestivum L.)

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    Six genotype of Triticum aestivum L. in 1991 and one genotype of Triticum durum Desf. and three of T. aestivum L. in 1992 were studied under different water regimes: full irrigation (R1), mild water stress (R3) and severe water stress (R2) at Magneraud (France). Traits evaluated were grain yield and its components, stress susceptibility index (SSI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The analysis of variance revealed significant differences between regimes and among the cultivars for all traits except between regimes for thousand grains weight in 1991. The regime × variety interaction was significant for grain yield, thousand grains weight and NDVI in 1992 and for grain yield in 1991. For all traits, durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) has higher reduction in the two water stress than the common wheat (T. aestivum L.). Correlations studies revealed that grain yield, grains number/mÂČ, thousand grains weight and NDVI were associated with each other except for correlations between thousand grains weight on one hand and grain yield (1992) and grains number/mÂČ (1991) on the other hand. 51.55, 27.88, 4.12% (1991) and 75, 43 and 20.2% (1992) of grain yield, grains/mÂČ and thousand grains weight variability, respectively were explained by means NDVI variability. The grain yield and grains number/mÂČ could be predicted using a single regression with NDVI.Keywords: Grain yield, grain yield components, NDVI, durum wheat and bread wheat

    Hétérosis, effets génétiques et valeur des F2 et des lignées haplodiploïdes chez l'orge (Hordeum vulgare L.)

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    International audienceTo study the potential of F1, F2 and doubled-haploid lines in six-row barley, three connected experiments were developed: i) study of a complete 8 x 8 diallel; ii) comparison of F1, F2 and their parents for three crosses from the diallel; ii) comparison of 53 doubled-haploid lines from a cross to their parents, F1 and F2. In the diallel experiment, the average of all F1 for grain yield was equal to the average of the parents. The best cross was only 3.2 % better than the best parent. However, for main ear grain weight mean heterosis was 13 %. It was negative (-1 1 %) for straw yield. There was a great variation among crosses. General combining ability (GCA) was a main component of such a genetic variation for all traits studied. Resistance to mildew, thousand grain weight and heading date were the most additive and grain and straw yield the least additive traits. The study of F2 showed that, for grain yield, heterosis was reduced more than expected. This is interpreted as being mainly the result of intergenotypic competition between F2 plants. However, epistasis is possible, and it was detected for yield and its components, by the comparison of DH lines to their mid-parent. The comparison of DH lines with F1 showed that the genetic advantage obtained in F1 for grain yield and its components can be fixed at the level of doubled-haploid lines. Nevertheless, the possible negative effect of recombination and epistasis can lead to the use of haplodiploidisation after the F1 generation. (© Inra/Elsevier, Paris.)Pour Ă©tudier l’intĂ©rĂȘt comparĂ© des hybrides F1, des F2 et des lignĂ©es chez l’orge Ă  six rangs, trois expĂ©riences ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es: un croisement diallĂšle complet entre huit parents, une comparaison de trois F2 Ă  leur F1 et l’étude de 53 lignĂ©es obtenues par haplodiploidisation Ă  partir d’un croisement. Au niveau du diallĂšle, le rendement en grains des F1 Ă©tait en moyenne Ă©gal Ă  celui des parents. Le rendement du meilleur hybride n’a Ă©tĂ© supĂ©rieur que de 3.2 % au meilleur parent. Pour le rendement en grain du maĂźtre brin, l’hĂ©tĂ©rosis a Ă©tĂ© de 13 %. Il a Ă©tĂ© nĂ©gatif pour le rendement en paille (-11 %). Une grande variation est apparue entre croisements. L’aptitude gĂ©nĂ©rale Ă  la combinaison (AGC) est la composante majeure de cette variation pour tous les caractĂšres Ă©tudiĂ©s. La rĂ©sistance Ă  l’oĂŻdium, le poids de mille grains et la prĂ©cocitĂ© d’épiaison apparaissent comme les caractĂšres les plus additifs et le rendement en grain et en paille comme les moins additifs. La comparaison de la F2 Ă  la F1 et au parent moyen a montrĂ© que l’hĂ©tĂ©rosis pour le rendement, Ă©tait plus rĂ©duit qu’attendu. Cela est interprĂ©tĂ© comme Ă©tant principalement le rĂ©sultat de la compĂ©tition entre gĂ©notypes au sein de la gĂ©nĂ©ration F2. Cependant cela peut ĂȘtre dĂ» Ă  des effets d’épistasie, d’ailleurs dĂ©tectĂ©s pour le rendement et ses composantes, par la comparaison des lignĂ©es HD et de leurs parents. La comparaison des lignĂ©es HD avec la F1 montre que l’hĂ©tĂ©rosis obtenu en F1, peut ĂȘtre fixĂ© pour le rendement et ses composantes. Cependant, l’effet nĂ©gatif possible de la recombinaison et de l’épistasie peut conduire Ă  envisager l’haplodiploidisation aprĂšs la gĂ©nĂ©ration F1. (© Inra/Elsevier, Paris.

    Hétérosis, effets génétiques et valeur des F2 et des lignées haplodiploïdes chez l'orge (Hordeum vulgare L.)

    No full text
    International audienceTo study the potential of F1, F2 and doubled-haploid lines in six-row barley, three connected experiments were developed: i) study of a complete 8 x 8 diallel; ii) comparison of F1, F2 and their parents for three crosses from the diallel; ii) comparison of 53 doubled-haploid lines from a cross to their parents, F1 and F2. In the diallel experiment, the average of all F1 for grain yield was equal to the average of the parents. The best cross was only 3.2 % better than the best parent. However, for main ear grain weight mean heterosis was 13 %. It was negative (-1 1 %) for straw yield. There was a great variation among crosses. General combining ability (GCA) was a main component of such a genetic variation for all traits studied. Resistance to mildew, thousand grain weight and heading date were the most additive and grain and straw yield the least additive traits. The study of F2 showed that, for grain yield, heterosis was reduced more than expected. This is interpreted as being mainly the result of intergenotypic competition between F2 plants. However, epistasis is possible, and it was detected for yield and its components, by the comparison of DH lines to their mid-parent. The comparison of DH lines with F1 showed that the genetic advantage obtained in F1 for grain yield and its components can be fixed at the level of doubled-haploid lines. Nevertheless, the possible negative effect of recombination and epistasis can lead to the use of haplodiploidisation after the F1 generation. (© Inra/Elsevier, Paris.)Pour Ă©tudier l’intĂ©rĂȘt comparĂ© des hybrides F1, des F2 et des lignĂ©es chez l’orge Ă  six rangs, trois expĂ©riences ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es: un croisement diallĂšle complet entre huit parents, une comparaison de trois F2 Ă  leur F1 et l’étude de 53 lignĂ©es obtenues par haplodiploidisation Ă  partir d’un croisement. Au niveau du diallĂšle, le rendement en grains des F1 Ă©tait en moyenne Ă©gal Ă  celui des parents. Le rendement du meilleur hybride n’a Ă©tĂ© supĂ©rieur que de 3.2 % au meilleur parent. Pour le rendement en grain du maĂźtre brin, l’hĂ©tĂ©rosis a Ă©tĂ© de 13 %. Il a Ă©tĂ© nĂ©gatif pour le rendement en paille (-11 %). Une grande variation est apparue entre croisements. L’aptitude gĂ©nĂ©rale Ă  la combinaison (AGC) est la composante majeure de cette variation pour tous les caractĂšres Ă©tudiĂ©s. La rĂ©sistance Ă  l’oĂŻdium, le poids de mille grains et la prĂ©cocitĂ© d’épiaison apparaissent comme les caractĂšres les plus additifs et le rendement en grain et en paille comme les moins additifs. La comparaison de la F2 Ă  la F1 et au parent moyen a montrĂ© que l’hĂ©tĂ©rosis pour le rendement, Ă©tait plus rĂ©duit qu’attendu. Cela est interprĂ©tĂ© comme Ă©tant principalement le rĂ©sultat de la compĂ©tition entre gĂ©notypes au sein de la gĂ©nĂ©ration F2. Cependant cela peut ĂȘtre dĂ» Ă  des effets d’épistasie, d’ailleurs dĂ©tectĂ©s pour le rendement et ses composantes, par la comparaison des lignĂ©es HD et de leurs parents. La comparaison des lignĂ©es HD avec la F1 montre que l’hĂ©tĂ©rosis obtenu en F1, peut ĂȘtre fixĂ© pour le rendement et ses composantes. Cependant, l’effet nĂ©gatif possible de la recombinaison et de l’épistasie peut conduire Ă  envisager l’haplodiploidisation aprĂšs la gĂ©nĂ©ration F1. (© Inra/Elsevier, Paris.

    Maize (Zea mays L.) from the Saharan oasis: adaptation to temperate areas and agronomic performance

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    29 Pags., 6 Tabls. The definitive version is available at: http://www.springerlink.com/content/0925-9864/Saharan maize had been adapted to extreme conditions and could have developed resistance to different stresses. However, genebanks and breeding collections have poor representation from Saharan germplasm and, particularly, from Algeria. This is a preliminary approach to investigate the adaptation and agronomic performance of a representative sample of Saharan maize. We evaluated open-pollinated Saharan populations along with European and American cultivars during 2 years in humid and dry Spanish locations and in Algiers (Algeria). Saharan populations were able to grow in temperate environments, although results were not consistent over years and the genotype-by- environment interactions were very important. Some of the Algerian populations evaluated in 2010 showed promising yield and anthesis silking interval over environments, but none of the Algerian populations evaluated in 2009 were adequately adapted to Spanish conditions. These results suggest that there are wide ranges of variability within Saharan maize for adaptation to temperate conditions, and further evaluations of Saharan maize should identify potential base populations for breeding maize in either side of the Mediterranean Sea. However, this germplasm requires prebreeding for adaptation to temperate conditions in order to be adequate for breeding programs in temperate areas.This research was supported by the Agencia Española de CooperaciĂłn y Desarrollo (AECID), the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), and the École Nationale SupĂ©rieure Agronomique, El Harrach-Algiers. A. Djemel has a JAE Pre contract from CSIC.Peer reviewe
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