437 research outputs found
Collapses and revivals of exciton emission in a semiconductor microcavity: detuning and phase-space filling effects
We investigate exciton emission of quantum well embedded in a semiconductor
microcavity. The analytical expressions of the light intensity for the cases of
excitonic number state and coherent state are presented by using secular
approximation. Our results show that the effective exciton-exciton interaction
leads to the appearance of collapse and revival of the light intensity. The
revival time is twice compared the coherent state case with that of the number
state. The dissipation of the exciton-polariton lowers the revival amplitude
but does not alter the revival time. The influences of the detuning and the
phase-space filling are studied. We find that the effect of the higher-order
exciton-photon interaction may be removed by adjusting the detuning.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
Exciton-exciton scattering: Composite boson versus elementary boson
This paper introduces a new quantum object, the ``coboson'', for composite
particles, like the excitons, which are made of two fermions. Although commonly
dealed with as elementary bosons, these composite bosons -- ``cobosons'' in
short -- differ from them due to their composite nature which makes the
handling of their many-body effects quite different from the existing
treatments valid for elementary bosons. Due to this composite nature, it is not
possible to correctly describe the interaction between cobosons as a potential
. Consequently, the standard Fermi golden rule, written in terms of ,
cannot be used to obtain the transition rates between exciton states. Through
an unconventional expression for this Fermi golden rule, which is here given in
terms of the Hamiltonian only, we here give a detailed calculation of the time
evolution of two excitons. We compare the results of this exact approach with
the ones obtained by using an effective bosonic exciton Hamiltonian. We show
that the relation between the inverse lifetime and the sum of transition rates
for elementary bosons differs from the one of composite bosons by a factor of
1/2, whatever the mapping from composite bosons to elementary bosons is. The
present paper thus constitutes a strong mathematical proof that, in spite of a
widely spread belief, we cannot forget the composite nature of these cobosons,
even in the extremely low density limit of just two excitons. This paper also
shows the (unexpected) cancellation, in the Born approximation, of the
two-exciton transition rate for a finite value of the momentum transfer
Analysis of the exciton-exciton interaction in semiconductor quantum wells
The exciton-exciton interaction is investigated for quasi-two-dimensional
quantum structures. A bosonization scheme is applied including the full spin
structure. For generating the effective interaction potentials, the
Hartree-Fock and Heitler-London approaches are improved by a full two-exciton
calculation which includes the van der Waals effect. With these potentials the
biexciton formation in bilayer systems is investigated. For coupled quantum
wells the two-body scattering matrix is calculated and employed to give a
modified relation between exciton density and blue shift. Such a relation is of
central importance for gauging exciton densities in experiments which pave the
way toward Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons
Optical spectra of a quantum dot in a microcavity in the nonlinear regime
The optical emission spectrum of a quantum dot in strong coupling with the
single mode of a microcavity is obtained in the nonlinear regime. We study how
exciton-exciton interactions alter the emission spectrum of the system,
bringing the linear Rabi doublet into a multiplet structure that is strongly
dependent on the cavity-exciton energy detuning. We emphasise how nonlinearity
can be used to evidence the genuine quantum nature of the coupling by producing
satellites peaks of the Rabi doublet that originate from the quantized energy
levels of the interactions.Comment: Low quality figures. To be published in Phys. Rev. B. 78 (2008
On Critical Velocities in Exciton Superfluidity
The presence of exciton phonon interactions is shown to play a key role in
the exciton superfluidity. We apply the Landau criterion for an exciton-phonon
condensate moving uniformly at zero temperature. It turns out that there are
essentially two critical velocities in the theory. Within the range of these
velocities the condensate can exist only as a bright soliton. The excitation
spectrum and differential equations for the wave function of this condensate
are derived.Comment: 7 pages, Latex; to be published in Phys.Rev.Lett (1997
Semiconductor-cavity QED in high-Q regimes: Detuning effect
The non-resonant interaction between the high-density excitons in a quantum
well and a single mode cavity field is investigated. An analytical expression
for the physical spectrum of the excitons is obtained. The spectral properties
of the excitons, which are initially prepared in the number states or the
superposed states of the two different number states by the resonant
femtosecond pulse pumping experiment, are studied. Numerical study of the
physical spectrum is carried out and a discussion of the detuning effect is
presented.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure
Dimensionality dependence of optical nonlinearity and relaxation dynamics in cuprates
Femtosecond pump-probe measurements find pronounced dimensionality dependence
of the optical nonlinearity in cuprates. Although the coherent two-photon
absorption (TPA) and linear absorption bands nearly overlap in both quasi-one
and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) cuprates, the TPA coefficient is one order of
magnitude smaller in 2D than in 1D. Furthermore, picosecond recovery of optical
transparency is observed in 1D cuprates, while the recovery in 2D involves
relaxation channels with a time scales of tens of picoseconds. The experimental
results are interpreted within the two-band extended Hubbard model.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
A Cooper pair light emitting diode
We demonstrate Cooper-pair's drastic enhancement effect on band-to-band
radiative recombination in a semiconductor. Electron Cooper pairs injected from
a superconducting electrode into an active layer by the proximity effect
recombine with holes injected from a p-type electrode and dramatically
accelerate the photon generation rates of a light emitting diode in the
optical-fiber communication band. Cooper pairs are the condensation of
electrons at a spin-singlet quantum state and this condensation leads to the
observed enhancement of the electric-dipole transitions. Our results indicate
the possibility to open up new interdisciplinary fields between
superconductivity and optoelectronics.Comment: 5 pages (4 figures
Superradiance of low density Frenkel excitons in a crystal slab of three-level atoms: Quantum interference effect
We systematically study the fluorescence of low density Frenkel excitons in a
crystal slab containing V-type three-level atoms. Based on symmetric
quasi-spin realization of SU(3) in large limit, the two-mode exciton
operators are invoked to depict various collective excitations of the
collection of these V-type atoms starting from their ground state. By making
use of the rotating wave approximation, the light intensity of radiation for
the single lattice layer is investigated in detail. As a quantum coherence
effect, the quantum beat phenomenon is discussed in detail for different
initial excitonic states. We also test the above results analytically without
the consideration of the rotating wave approximation and the self-interaction
of radiance field is also included.Comment: 18pages, 17 figures. Resubmit to Phys. Rev.
Radiative Lifetimes of Single Excitons in Semiconductor Quantum Dots- Manifestation of the Spatial Coherence Effect
Using time correlated single photon counting combined with temperature
dependent diffraction limited confocal photoluminescence spectroscopy we
accurately determine, for the first time, the intrinsic radiative lifetime of
single excitons confined within semiconductor quantum dots. Their lifetime is
one (two) orders of magnitude longer than the intrinsic radiative lifetime of
single excitons confined in semiconductor quantum wires (wells) of comparable
confining dimensions. We quantitatively explain this long radiative time in
terms of the reduced spatial coherence between the confined exciton dipole
moment and the radiation electromagnetic field.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
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