400 research outputs found
AdapterGNN: Efficient Delta Tuning Improves Generalization Ability in Graph Neural Networks
Fine-tuning pre-trained models has recently yielded remarkable performance
gains in graph neural networks (GNNs). In addition to pre-training techniques,
inspired by the latest work in the natural language fields, more recent work
has shifted towards applying effective fine-tuning approaches, such as
parameter-efficient tuning (delta tuning). However, given the substantial
differences between GNNs and transformer-based models, applying such approaches
directly to GNNs proved to be less effective. In this paper, we present a
comprehensive comparison of delta tuning techniques for GNNs and propose a
novel delta tuning method specifically designed for GNNs, called AdapterGNN.
AdapterGNN preserves the knowledge of the large pre-trained model and leverages
highly expressive adapters for GNNs, which can adapt to downstream tasks
effectively with only a few parameters, while also improving the model's
generalization ability on the downstream tasks. Extensive experiments show that
AdapterGNN achieves higher evaluation performance (outperforming full
fine-tuning by 1.4% and 5.5% in the chemistry and biology domains respectively,
with only 5% of its parameters tuned) and lower generalization gaps compared to
full fine-tuning. Moreover, we empirically show that a larger GNN model can
have a worse generalization ability, which differs from the trend observed in
large language models. We have also provided a theoretical justification for
delta tuning can improve the generalization ability of GNNs by applying
generalization bounds
Time-aware Graph Structure Learning via Sequence Prediction on Temporal Graphs
Temporal Graph Learning, which aims to model the time-evolving nature of
graphs, has gained increasing attention and achieved remarkable performance
recently. However, in reality, graph structures are often incomplete and noisy,
which hinders temporal graph networks (TGNs) from learning informative
representations. Graph contrastive learning uses data augmentation to generate
plausible variations of existing data and learn robust representations.
However, rule-based augmentation approaches may be suboptimal as they lack
learnability and fail to leverage rich information from downstream tasks. To
address these issues, we propose a Time-aware Graph Structure Learning (TGSL)
approach via sequence prediction on temporal graphs, which learns better graph
structures for downstream tasks through adding potential temporal edges. In
particular, it predicts time-aware context embedding based on previously
observed interactions and uses the Gumble-Top-K to select the closest candidate
edges to this context embedding. Additionally, several candidate sampling
strategies are proposed to ensure both efficiency and diversity. Furthermore,
we jointly learn the graph structure and TGNs in an end-to-end manner and
perform inference on the refined graph. Extensive experiments on temporal link
prediction benchmarks demonstrate that TGSL yields significant gains for the
popular TGNs such as TGAT and GraphMixer, and it outperforms other contrastive
learning methods on temporal graphs. We will release the code in the future.Comment: 10 pages,4 figures,5 table
Parameter-efficient is not sufficient: Exploring Parameter, Memory, and Time Efficient Adapter Tuning for Dense Predictions
Pre-training & fine-tuning is a prevalent paradigm in computer vision (CV).
Recently, parameter-efficient transfer learning (PETL) methods have shown
promising performance in adapting to downstream tasks with only a few trainable
parameters. Despite their success, the existing PETL methods in CV can be
computationally expensive and require large amounts of memory and time cost
during training, which limits low-resource users from conducting research and
applications on large models. In this work, we propose Parameter, Memory, and
Time Efficient Visual Adapter () tuning to address this issue.
We provide a gradient backpropagation highway for low-rank adapters which
eliminates the need for expensive backpropagation through the frozen
pre-trained model, resulting in substantial savings of training memory and
training time. Furthermore, we optimise the structure for CV
tasks to promote model performance. Extensive experiments on COCO, ADE20K, and
Pascal VOC benchmarks show that can save up to 62.2% training
memory and 26.2% training time on average, while achieving comparable
performance to full fine-tuning and better performance than most PETL methods.
Note that we can even train the Swin-Large-based Cascade Mask RCNN on GTX
1080Ti GPUs with less than 1.5% trainable parameters.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables, Submitted to NeurIPS202
MicroRNA-212-5p Prevents Dopaminergic Neuron Death by Inhibiting SIRT2 in MPTP-Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Recently, emerging evidences show that sirtuins (SIRTs) modulate aging progress and affect neurodegenerative diseases. For example, inhibition of SIRT2 has been recognized to exert neuroprotective effects in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, current SIRT2 inhibitors are lack of selective property distinguished from its homolog. In this study, we found that SIRT2 protein level was highly increased in PD model, which was negatively regulated by miR-212-5p. In detail, miR-212-5p transfection reduced SIRT2 expression and inhibited SIRT2 activity. In vivo study, miR-212-5p treatment prevented dopaminergic neuron loss and DAT reduction by targeting SIRT2, which means miR-212-5p shows neuroprotective effect in PD. Mechanismly, we found nuclear acetylated p53 was up-regulation according to p53 is a major deacetylation substrate of SIRT2. Furthermore, decreased cytoplasmic p53 promoted autophagy in PD model, which was showed as autophagosomes, autophagic flux, LC3 B and p62 expression. Meanwhile, we also found miR-212-5p treatment somehow alleviated apoptosis in PD model, which might have some underlying mechanisms. In conclusions, our study provides a direct link between miR-212-5p and SIRT2-mediated p53-dependent programmed cell death in the pathogenesis of PD. These findings will give us an insight into the development of highly specifically SIRT2 inhibitor of opening up novel therapeutic avenues for PD
Predicting nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections by a risk index based system
Although belonging to one of the most common type of nosocomial infection, there was currently no simple prediction model for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). This study aims to develop a risk index based system for predicting nosocomial LRTIs based on data from a large point-prevalence survey. Among the 49328 patients included, the prevalence of nosocomial LRTIs was 1.70% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64% to 1.76%). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for logistic regression and fisher discriminant analysis were 0.907 (95% CI, 0.897 to 0.917) and 0.902 (95% CI, 0.892 to 0.912), respectively. The constructed risk index based system also displayed excellent discrimination (area under the ROC curve: 0.905 [95% CI, 0.895 to 0.915]) to identify LRTI in internal validation. Six risk levels were generated according to the risk score distribution of study population, ranging from 0 to 5, the corresponding prevalence of nosocomial LRTIs were 0.00%, 0.39%, 3.86%, 12.38%, 28.79% and 44.83%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of prediction were 0.87 and 0.79, respectively, when the best cut-off point of risk score was set to 14. Our study suggested that this newly constructed risk index based system might be applied to boost more rational infection control programs in clinical settings
High Dose Vitamin E Attenuates Diabetic Nephropathy via Alleviation of Autophagic Stress
It has been reported that autophagic stress, which is involved in many diseases, plays a key role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, we investigated the effects of high dose vitamin E on renal tubular epithelial cells and autophagic stress-related mechanisms in diabetes condition. In diabetic rats, high dose vitamin E treatment significantly decreased the serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, urinary albumin and urinary protein, reduced the levels of LCN2, HAVCR1, LDH and 8-OHdG in urine, and attenuated the cellular apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis in renal cortex. In vitro, vitamin E could reduce the release of LCN2 and HAVCR1 and the protein levels of caspase 3 and TGF-β1, as well as improve the growth inhibition in cultured HK-2 cells after exposure to advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Also, LC3-II and SQSTM1-positive dots were significantly increased in the renal tubular epithelial cells of DN patients and diabetic rats, and in HK-2 cells after exposure to AGEs, which were markedly declined by vitamin E. In addition, we found that the autophagosome formation was not affected by AGEs, as assessed by the mRNA levels of LC3B, Beclin-1, and ATG7. However, AGEs blocked the lysosomal degradation of autophagosome, which was characterized by a decrease in the enzymatic activity of cathepsin B/cathepsin L and DQ-ovalbumin degradation in HK-2 cells, indicating that AGEs-induced accumulation of autophagic vacuoles was a sign of autophagic stress. Interestingly, vitamin E exerted a protective effect on lysosomes to reduce the autophagic stress. Taken together, we conclude that autophagic stress may play an important part in the progression of DN, and alleviation of autophagic stress though improvement of lysosomal function provides a promising novel approach for treating DN
Effect of external beam radiation therapy versus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for non-diffuse hepatocellular carcinoma (≥ 5 cm): a multicenter experience over a ten-year period
BackgroundThe optimal local treatment for HCC with tumor diameter ≥ 5 cm is not well established. This research evaluated the effectiveness of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) versus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for HCC with tumor diameter ≥ 5 cm.MethodsA total of 1210 HCC patients were enrolled in this study, including 302 and 908 patients that received EBRT and TACE, respectively. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to identify patient pairs with similar baseline characteristics. Overall survival (OS) was the primary study endpoint.ResultsWe identified 428 patients using 1:1 PSM for survival comparison. Compared with the TACE group, the EBRT group had a significantly longer median OS (mOS) before (14.9 vs. 12.3 months, p = 0.0085) and after (16.8 vs. 11.4 months, p = 0.0026) matching. In the subgroup analysis, compared with the TACE group, the EBRT group had a significantly longer mOS for HCC with tumor diameters of 5-7 cm (34.1 vs. 14.3 months, p = 0.04) and 7-10 cm (34.4 vs. 10 months, p = 0.00065), whereas for HCC with tumor diameters ≥ 10 cm, no significant difference in mOS was observed (11.2 vs. 11.2 months, p = 0.83). In addition, the multivariable Cox analysis showed that Child-A, alkaline phosphatase < 125 U/L, and EBRT were independent prognostic indicators for longer survival.ConclusionEBRT is more effective than TACE as the primary local treatment for HCC with tumor diameter ≥ 5 cm, especially for HCC with tumor diameter of 5-10 cm
Economic analysis of border control policies during COVID-19 pandemic : a modelling study to inform cross-border travel policy between Singapore and Thailand
With countries progressing towards high COVID-19 vaccination rates, strategies for border reopening are required. This study focuses on Thailand and Singapore, two countries that share significant tourism visitation, to illustrate a framework for optimizing COVID-19 testing and quarantine policies for bilateral travel with a focus on economic recovery. The timeframe is the month of October 2021, when Thailand and Singapore were preparing to reopen borders for bilateral travel. This study was conducted to provide evidence for the border reopening policy decisions. Incremental net benefit (INB) compared to the pre-opening period was quantified through a willingness-to-travel model, a micro-simulation COVID-19 transmission model and an economic model accounting for medical and non-medical costs/benefits. Multiple testing and quarantine policies were examined, and Pareto optimal (PO) policies and the most influential components were identified. The highest possible INB for Thailand is US 29.78 million, under another PO policy with no quarantine on both sides, no testing to enter Thailand, and ARTs pre-departure and upon arrival to enter Singapore. Tourism receipts and costs/profits of testing and quarantine have greater economic impacts than that from COVID-19 transmission. Provided healthcare systems have sufficient capacity, great economic benefits can be gained for both countries by relaxing border control measures
Study of the decay
The decay is studied
in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of TeV
using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5
collected by the LHCb experiment. In the system, the
state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is
resolved into two narrower states, and ,
whose masses and widths are measured to be where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second
systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a
prompt sample. Evidence of a new
state is found with a local significance of , whose mass and width
are measured to be and , respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode
is found with a significance of
. The relative branching fraction of with respect to the
decay is measured to be , where the first
uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from
the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb
public pages
Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions and
The ratios of branching fractions
and are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a
sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb of
integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The
tau lepton is identified in the decay mode
. The measured values are
and
, where the first uncertainty is
statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these
measurements is . Results are consistent with the current average
of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the
predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb
public pages
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