Association of chickpea root with soil fungi: a comparison of cultivars

Non-Peer ReviewedField crops influence soil microbiota, impacting the health status and productivity of cropping systems. We conducted a two year field experiment using thirteen genotypes of chickpea and applied deep amplicon pyrosequencing to verify whether plant genetics control the fungal community of the root endosphere. We obtained 63796 sequences of ITS1F/ITS2 and 52129 of 18S rDNA gene clustered into 127 non-mycorrhizal and 89 mycorrhizal operational taxonomic units (OTUs), respectively. Plant genotype and year (soil and weather) had significant effects on the fungal community of chickpea root endosphere. The desi genotypes had higher levels of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal fungal richness and diversity than kabuli genotypes. This study reveals a "genotype effect" of chickpea on the soil microbiota and indicates the possibility to improve the performance of this crop through the selection of genotypes with improved root fungal communities

The effects of dark septate endophytic fungi on chickpea drought tolerance

Non-Peer ReviewedDark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi represent a diverse group of root-colonizing fungal species that are common in environments with strong abiotic stress, such as semiarid prairie regions where their abundance in roots can exceed mycorrhizal fungi. Some DSE fungal species have the ability to benefit host plant growth under water stress conditions. Here we tested the effects of 49 DSE species on chickpea biomass growing under water limiting condition. Three DSE fungal species including Hypocrea lixii, Geomyces vinaceus and Mortierella alpina significantly increased the biomass of chickpea. However the majority of the DSE species did not significantly affect plant biomass and some species decreased that

Scalar Representation and Conjugation of Set-Valued Functions

To a function with values in the power set of a pre-ordered, separated locally convex space a family of scalarizations is given which completely characterizes the original function. A concept of a Legendre-Fenchel conjugate for set-valued functions is introduced and identified with the conjugates of the scalarizations. Using this conjugate, weak and strong duality results are proven.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1012.435

Hubungan Antara Kondisi Overcrowded Dan Pemberian Informasi Dengan Kecemasan Keluarga Pasien Di Instalasi Gawat Darurat Rumah Sakit Pancaran Kasih Gmim Manado

: Factors that contribute to misdiagnosis are cognitive factors, communication, system, and factors related to the patient. One of the factors related to the patient which is the number of patient visits Purpose Knowing the relationship between overcrowded conditions dan providing information anxiety family with patient in hospital emergency room arc love GMIM Manado. Design research This cross sectional technique of taking Sampling the sampling technique used by researchers is a non-probabiity sampling is accidential sampling which is a sample size of 80 people. Statistical Test Result Chi-Square test with a confidence level of 95% (α=0,05) and obtained p value 0,732 < 0,05 and p value 0,123 < 0,05. Conclusion That there is no relationship to anxiety informing families of patients at the Hospital of Arc of Love GMIM Manado and there was no correlation between the condition of anxiety Overcrowded with families of patients at the Hospital of Arc of Love GMIM Manad

Effect of cropping sequences on soil biological activity in semiarid region of western Canada

Non-Peer ReviewedSoil productivity and environmental sustainability hinge on the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. Soil dehydrogenases (DHs) are one of the major classes of intracellular oxidoreductase enzymes involved in energy metabolism of living cells. The soil DHs activity is used as an indicator of overall soil microbial activity. This study employed the soil DHs assay to examine the effect of different cropping sequences including wheat, mustard and pulse crops in 4-year rotation on the soil biological activity. The DHs assay used in this study was originally developed by Le Casida et al. (1964). In this method, triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) is used as an indicator dye that helps to observe electron transport system activity. The DHs involved in electron transport system reduce the colourless soluble TTC (substrate) and convert it into an insoluble red colour product, known as triphenylformazan (TPF). TPF can be quantified by spectrophotometry at the visible wavelength of 485 nm. Higher the intensity of the red colour in the soil extract solution, higher is the concentration of TPF and hence the higher DHs activity. In this study, the results of DHs assay of the final year (2014) of different 4-year crop rotations are presented. The study clearly showed that frequent inclusion of pulse crops especially chickpea in the cropping systems is conducive to the soil biological activity

Symmetry of Traveling Wave Solutions to the Allen-Cahn Equation in \Er^2

In this paper, we prove even symmetry of monotone traveling wave solutions to the balanced Allen-Cahn equation in the entire plane. Related results for the unbalanced Allen-Cahn equation are also discussed

Bilateral intracortical inhibition during unilateral motor preparation and sequence learning

Motor sequence learning gradually quickens reaction time, suggesting that sequence learning alters motor preparation processes. Interestingly, evidence has shown that preparing sequence movements decreases short intracortical inhibition (SICI) in the contralateral motor cortex (M1), but also that sequence learning alters motor preparation processes in both the contralateral and ipsilateral M1s. Therefore, one possibility is that sequence learning alters the SICI decreases occurring during motor preparation in bilateral M1s. To examine this, two novel hypotheses were tested: unilateral sequence preparation would decrease SICI in bilateral M1s, and sequence learning would alter such bilateral SICI responses. Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was delivered over the contralateral and ipsilateral M1s to assess SICI in an index finger muscle during the preparation of sequences initiated by either the right index or little finger. In the absence of sequence learning, SICI decreased in both the contralateral and ipsilateral M1s during the preparation of sequences initiated by the right index finger, suggesting that SICI decreases in bilateral M1s during unilateral motor preparation. As sequence learning progressed, SICI decreased in the contralateral M1 whilst it increased in the ipsilateral M1. Moreover, these bilateral SICI responses were observed at the onset of motor preparation, suggesting that sequence learning altered baseline SICI levels rather than the SICI decreases occurring during motor preparation per se. Altogether, these results suggest that SICI responses in bilateral M1s reflect two motor processes: an acute decrease of inhibition during motor preparation, and a cooperative but bidirectional shift of baseline inhibition levels as sequence learning progresses

Pulse-wheat rotations influence the potential of nitrous oxide (N2O) production in the Canadian prairie

Non-Peer Reviewe

Long-term outcome of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for obesity hypoventilation syndrome

BACKGROUND: Few data are available on the long-term outcome of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) for obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). This study was designed to determine long-term survival, treatment adherence, and prognostic factors in patients with OHS in whom NPPV was initiated in an acute setting vs under stable clinical conditions.METHODS: One hundred thirty consecutive patients with OHS (56 women) who started NPPV between January 1995 and December 2006 either under stable conditions (stable group, n = 92) or during ICU management of acute hypercapnic exacerbation (acute group, n = 38) were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Arterial blood gases and the Epworth sleepiness scale were both significantly improved after 6 months of NPPV. With a mean follow-up of 4.1 +/- 2.9 years, 24 (18.5%) patients died and 24 (18.5%) discontinued NPPV. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival probabilities were 97.5%, 93%, 88.3%, and 77.3%, respectively. Mortality was lower than that described in a previous series of patients with untreated OHS. Supplemental oxygen therapy was the only independent predictor of mortality. The probability of continuing NPPV was 80% at 3 years with a high rate of daily use ( &gt; 7 h). Female sex was predictive of lower long-term adherence to NPPV. The acute and stable groups did not differ in terms of arterial blood gases and Epworth sleepiness scale at 6 months, long-term survival, and treatment adherence. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support long-term NPPV as an effective and well-tolerated treatment of OHS whether initiated in the acute or chronic setting