2,561 research outputs found
Infinite Dimensional Free Algebra and the Forms of the Master Field
We find an infinite dimensional free algebra which lives at large N in any
SU(N)-invariant action or Hamiltonian theory of bosonic matrices. The natural
basis of this algebra is a free-algebraic generalization of Chebyshev
polynomials and the dual basis is closely related to the planar connected
parts. This leads to a number of free-algebraic forms of the master field
including an algebraic derivation of the Gopakumar-Gross form. For action
theories, these forms of the master field immediately give a number of new
free-algebraic packagings of the planar Schwinger-Dyson equations.Comment: 39 pages. Expanded historical remark
The Orbifold-String Theories of Permutation-Type: I. One Twisted BRST per Cycle per Sector
We resume our discussion of the new orbifold-string theories of
permutation-type, focusing in the present series on the algebraic formulation
of the general bosonic prototype and especially the target space-times of the
theories. In this first paper of the series, we construct one twisted BRST
system for each cycle in each twisted sector of the general case,
verifying in particular the previously-conjectured algebra
of the BRST charges. The BRST systems
then imply a set of extended physical-state conditions for the matter of each
cycle at cycle central charge where
is the length of cycle .Comment: 31 page
The Orbifold-String Theories of Permutation-Type: III. Lorentzian and Euclidean Space-Times in a Large Example
To illustrate the general results of the previous paper, we discuss here a
large concrete example of the orbifold-string theories of permutation-type. For
each of the many subexamples, we focus on evaluation of the \emph{target
space-time dimension} , the \emph{target space-time
signature} and the \emph{target space-time symmetry} of each cycle in each
twisted sector . We find in particular a gratifying \emph{space-time
symmetry enhancement} which naturally matches the space-time symmetry of each
cycle to its space-time dimension. Although the orbifolds of
-permutation-type are naturally Lorentzian, we find that the target
space-times associated to larger permutation groups can be Lorentzian,
Euclidean and even null (\hat{D}_{j}(\sigma)=0), with varying space-time
dimensions, signature and symmetry in a single orbifold.Comment: 36 page
The orbifold-string theories of permutation-type: II. Cycle dynamics and target space-time dimensions
We continue our discussion of the general bosonic prototype of the new
orbifold-string theories of permutation type. Supplementing the extended
physical-state conditions of the previous paper, we construct here the extended
Virasoro generators with cycle central charge
, where is the length of cycle
in twisted sector . We also find an equivalent, reduced formulation
of each physical-state problem at reduced cycle central charge
. These tools are used to begin the study of the target
space-time dimension of cycle in sector , which
is naturally defined as the number of zero modes (momenta) of each cycle. The
general model-dependent formulae derived here will be used extensively in
succeeding papers, but are evaluated in this paper only for the simplest case
of the "pure" permutation orbifolds.Comment: 32 page
A Free-Algebraic Solution for the Planar Approximation
An explicit solution for the generating functional of n-point functions in
the planar approximation is given in terms of two sets of free-algebraic
annihilation and creation operators.Comment: 15 pages, added referenc
Controllability and observabiliy of an artificial advection-diffusion problem
In this paper we study the controllability of an artificial
advection-diffusion system through the boundary. Suitable Carleman estimates
give us the observability on the adjoint system in the one dimensional case. We
also study some basic properties of our problem such as backward uniqueness and
we get an intuitive result on the control cost for vanishing viscosity.Comment: 20 pages, accepted for publication in MCSS. DOI:
10.1007/s00498-012-0076-
The Algebras of Large N Matrix Mechanics
Extending early work, we formulate the large N matrix mechanics of general
bosonic, fermionic and supersymmetric matrix models, including Matrix theory:
The Hamiltonian framework of large N matrix mechanics provides a natural
setting in which to study the algebras of the large N limit, including
(reduced) Lie algebras, (reduced) supersymmetry algebras and free algebras. We
find in particular a broad array of new free algebras which we call symmetric
Cuntz algebras, interacting symmetric Cuntz algebras, symmetric
Bose/Fermi/Cuntz algebras and symmetric Cuntz superalgebras, and we discuss the
role of these algebras in solving the large N theory. Most important, the
interacting Cuntz algebras are associated to a set of new (hidden) local
quantities which are generically conserved only at large N. A number of other
new large N phenomena are also observed, including the intrinsic nonlocality of
the (reduced) trace class operators of the theory and a closely related large N
field identification phenomenon which is associated to another set (this time
nonlocal) of new conserved quantities at large N.Comment: 70 pages, expanded historical remark
Introducing one-shot work into fluctuation relations
Two approaches to small-scale and quantum thermodynamics are fluctuation
relations and one-shot statistical mechanics. Fluctuation relations (such as
Crooks' Theorem and Jarzynski's Equality) relate nonequilibrium behaviors to
equilibrium quantities such as free energy. One-shot statistical mechanics
involves statements about every run of an experiment, not just about averages
over trials.
We investigate the relation between the two approaches. We show that both
approaches feature the same notions of work and the same notions of probability
distributions over possible work values. The two approaches are alternative
toolkits with which to analyze these distributions. To combine the toolkits, we
show how one-shot work quantities can be defined and bounded in contexts
governed by Crooks' Theorem. These bounds provide a new bridge from one-shot
theory to experiments originally designed for testing fluctuation theorems.Comment: 37 pages, 6 figure
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