President Lincoln: Bending the Iron and Cracking the Code

This article explores the constitutionality of President Lincoln’s actions during the Civil War and poses the question of whether Lincoln taking possession of the railroads and telegraph companies during the Civil War was constitutional. The answer to this was, Lincoln’s actions were, in fact, constitutional because Congress expressly authorized his actions. His taking possession of the railroads and telegraph companies provided compensation to the companies affected. Further, the article analyzes the constitutional and congressional authority for allowing President Lincoln to take possession and provide compensation. The article also addresses the history of the Presidential “Commander-in-Chief” powers, prior to and contemporaneous to the Civil War. The article also addresses the contemporaneous and post effects of his using the executive action and its technological, infrastructural, and practical effects upon the Civil War. Finally, the article addresses the lasting effects from President Lincoln’s expansion of the scope of executive power, including both future presidents and case law

The Gospel-Message in Song Revised & Enlarged

https://digitalcommons.acu.edu/crs_books/1508/thumbnail.jp

Master of Science

thesisApproximately 7.7 million athletes participate in the sport of skateboarding. Skateboarding is one of a collection of sports that are often termed lifestyle, action, or alternative sports. By definition, lifestyle sports are sports in which athletes form exclusive social identities with the culture of the activity. The culture of the lifestyle sport of skateboarding is heavily influenced by music and art. Lifestyle sport athletes also prefer a sport structure that is participant-controlled as opposed to a structure organized and controlled by parents, coaches, and other authority figures. The Sport Commitment Model describes commitment as being theoretically predicted by enjoyment, personal investments, involvement opportunities, involvement alternatives, social constraints, and social support. The purpose of this study was to examine the theoretical determinants of commitment in a skateboard population. Additionally, atheoretical determinants (art, music, and sport structure) were examined as possible predictors of commitment unique to lifestyle sports. Skateboarders (n=68) were recruited at skate parks, a skateboard showcase, and by flyers posted at the university and local skate shops. Participants completed a modified and adapted Athletes' Opinion Survey designed to measure commitment and the determinants of commitment. Data were analyzed using hierarchical regressions. Enjoyment (β= .51) was the strongest predictor of commitment in the regression model. Secondly, social support (β=.23), personal investment (β=.31), and involvement opportunities (β=.29) significantly predicted commitment. Involvement alternatives emerged as a negative predictor of commitment (β= -.16). The constructs of art, music, and sport structure failed to significantly predict commitment. The findings from the regression analysis support prior research indicating enjoyment as the most influential predictor of commitment. The strength and direction of the additional determinants of commitment also support the theoretical model. These findings suggest that in order to foster commitment among skateboarders optimizing enjoyment, personal investments, social support, and involvement opportunities are key

Glycerol to Propylene Glycol

A Cu-ZnO-Al2O3 catalyst has been observed in laboratory scale tests to effectively produce propylene glycol from glycerol using a liquid phase hydrogenolysis reaction, which occurs at 410 F and 580 psia. A trickle-bed reactor will be used to ensure the full contact of liquid and vapor phases with the solid catalyst. This project aims to successfully scale up this reactor model, which has thus far only been tested in bench scale. The design specification stipulates that this process will produce 100 MM lb/year of propylene glycol. Using crude glycerol harvested from biodiesel production, a final product purity of 99.6% was achieved from a feedstock of 80% glycerol, 15% water, 1% methanol, and 4% sodium chloride by weight, plus trace amounts of organic salts. The economic analysis that follows assumes a grassroots plant on the US Gulf Coast. The total capital investment was calculated to be $34.0 million, which includes a working capital of$9.78 million. Under the assumptions that the prices of crude glycerol, hydrogen, and propylene glycol are $0.22,$0.50, and $1.00 per pound respectively, the net present value (NPV) at the end of the 15 year allotted course of the project is$88.4 million and the investors’ rate of return (IRR) is 58.45%. The price of glycerol is projected to remain stable or decrease in the future and the price of propylene glycol is projected to remain stable or increase suggesting that this project could become even more profitable in the future. The apparent profitability of this project is largely caused by the efficient and cost effective method of desalting glycerol through electrodeionization. Unfortunately, the proprietary nature of this new process precludes public access to true costing and specifications for the equipment since firms as Dow largely control the technology. Thus, conservative estimations were made in our economic analysis to account for this uncertainty

Energy cost of horizontal walking cattle and horses of various ages and body weights.

Publication authorized May 17, 1934."Taken in part from a thesis by W.C. Hall"--P. [3].Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references (page 16)

Energy increment of standing over lying and the cost of getting up and lying down in growing ruminants (cattle and sheep) : comparison of pulse rate, respiration rate, tidal air, and minute volume of pulmonary ventilation during lying and standing.

Publication authorized November 22, 1932."This bulletin contains parts of the data included in a dissertation by Warren C. Hall"--P. [5].Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references (page 23)