Letter to Diana Osbaldiston regarding award of a Lucile Elliott Scholarship, March 27, 1990

A letter from Dorothy Hall to Diana Osbaldiston informing Osbaldiston that Hall received her scholarship funds check

Letter to Mary Johns regarding award of a Lucile Elliott Scholarship, March 1, 1990

A letter from Dorothy Hall to Mary Johns accepting the Lucile Elliott Scholarship awarded to her

Mineral Precipitation in North Slope River Icings

Powdered calcium carbonate (CaCO3) patches averaging 4 cm in thickness were found on icings (aufeis fields) in the Canning and Shaviovik Rivers in northeastern Alaska. The presence of this material on aufeis suggests that much of the water which feeds the aufeis is coming from depth and has flowed through calcareous bedrock. Aufeis forms during the winter at or below the point where groundwater discharges, or when river water is forced upwards through cracks in river ice. Calcium carbonate in solution in the groundwater is excluded as the water freezes during ice growth. The CaCO3 slush then accumulates on top of the ice as the aufeis ablates during the melt season. Four patches of CaCO3, covering approximately 0.1% of the total area of the Canning River aufeis were observed during the July 1978 field study. It is estimated that approximately 540 m³ of CaCO3 precipitate were present in the Canning River aufeis in July of 1978. If similar percentages of CaCO3 precipitate were present on other major aufeis fields on the eastern North Slope, approximately 18000 m³ of CaCO3 may be present during a given year in the major North Slope aufeis fields. Most of this precipitate is deposited into the Arctic Ocean via river flow

Epidermophyton interdigitale.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

Recent Changes in the Greenland Ice Sheet as Seen from Space

Many changes in the Greenland Ice Sheet have been reported in the recent scientific literature and have been attributed to various responses of the ice sheet due to regional (and global) warming. Because melting of the ice sheet would contribute approximately 7 m to sea-level rise, the lives and habitat of hundreds of millions of people worldwide would be directly and indirectly affected if continued ice-sheet melting occurs. As mean-annual global temperatures have increased, there has been an increasing focus on studying the Greenland Ice Sheet using available satellite data, and numerous expeditions have been undertaken. Regional "clear-sky" surface temperature increases since the early 1980s in the Arctic, measured using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) infrared data, range from 0.57+/-0.02 C to 0.72+/-0.10 C per decade. Arctic warming has important implications for ice-sheet mass balance because much of the periphery of the Greenland Ice Sheet is already near O C during the melt season, and is thus vulnerable to more extensive melting if temperatures continue to increase. An increase in melting of the ice sheet would accelerate sea-level rise, an issue of increasing concern to billions of people worldwide. The surface temperature of the ice sheet has been studied in even greater detail using Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data in the six individual drainage basins as well as for the ice sheet as a whole. Surface temperature trends in the decade of the 2000s have not been strong, according to the MODIS measurements. In addition to surface-temperature increases over the last few decades as measured by AVHRR, other changes have been observed such as accelerated movement of many of Greenland's outlet glaciers and sudden draining of supraglacial lakes. Decreasing mass of the ice sheet since (at least) 2002 has been measured using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data, along with an build-up of ice at the higher elevations and a decrease of ice at the lower elevations as measured using airborne Lidar and Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) data. The seminar will address the above issues using a variety of NASA satellite data and ground observations

A Comparative Study Of Pulse Ratio Of Eighth Grade Girls And Boys As Revealed By Tuttle Pulse- Ratio Test; With Emphasis On Height, Weight And Age Level

There has long been a need for test® of the cardiovascular type which can be administered by the physical education teacher to group pupils for the purpose of quickly classifying them into one of two groups: (1) those who need an examination by a physician before they are allowed to participate in strenuous physical activities, and (2) those who can immediately participate in strenuous activities* Unfortunately, we do not as yet have reliable group cardiovascular tests, but in the past years tests have appeared which are designed to be administered as individual tests by the trained physical education teacher when there is a doubt as to the physical condition of the pupil and the services of a physician are not immediately available. These tests have been developed out of the earlier work by Schneider and his predecessors. Many of them aimed toward a simplification of procedures and proposed various combinations of pulse counts or blood pressure gauges in relation to standard exercises. A significant amount of research has been conducted in this area in recent years. Factor analysis studies have added to the understanding of components of cardiovascular function* The emphasis during World War II on physical fitness resulted In considerable experimentation on tests and indices based on cardiovascular reaction to strenuous exercise, some with additional packs or loads. The techniques developed were extensively used in college and Armed Service wartime fitness programs. Research endeavor has also been directed toward the development of index scores based upon a actual performance; and the determining of effects of various rares of exercise, duration of exercise, and types of exercise on cardiovascular response

Perceptions of Georgia Public Secondary School Principals and Counselors Regarding Counseling Program Tasks

The purpose of this research was to determine if the perceptions of public secondary school principals and counselors differed as to actual and desired involvements of secondary school counselors in appropriate and inappropriate counseling program tasks. The counseling program tasks used for this study were specified in Sharing the Vision: The National Standards for School Counseling Programs, a publication of the American School Counselor Association. Two survey instruments were developed using the appropriate and inappropriate counseling program tasks. Section I consisted of Likert scales for responses to actual and desired involvement in each task area. Section II asked for demographic data. This section was slightly different on the counselors\u27 and the principals\u27 versions of the instrument. The surveys were mailed to 264 public secondary school principals in Georgia and to 650 public secondary school counselors in Georgia. Results from this study indicated that most often principals assigned tasks to counselors. Actual involvement responses and desired involvement responses of principals and counselors to appropriate and inappropriate counseling program tasks showed significant differences in some areas. In the task areas showing significant differences between principals\u27 and counselors\u27 ratings of actual involvement in appropriate and inappropriate counseling program tasks, mean ratings for counselors were higher than for principals. In the areas showing significant differences between the desired involvement ratings of principals and counselors in appropriate and inappropriate counseling program tasks, mean ratings for principals were higher than counselors. The findings from this study concluded that both secondary school principals and counselors perceived counselors to actually be involved in inappropriate counseling program tasks, as well as in appropriate counseling programs tasks. Both principals and counselors desired involvement in appropriate counseling program tasks. Conversely, the results of this study indicated that while principals desired involvement of counselors in inappropriate counseling program tasks, counselors themselves did not desire involvement in inappropriate counseling program tasks

Improved Snow Mapping Accuracy with Revised MODIS Snow Algorithm

The MODIS snow cover products have been used in over 225 published studies. From those reports, and our ongoing analysis, we have learned about the accuracy and errors in the snow products. Revisions have been made in the algorithms to improve the accuracy of snow cover detection in Collection 6 (C6), the next processing/reprocessing of the MODIS data archive planned to start in September 2012. Our objective in the C6 revision of the MODIS snow-cover algorithms and products is to maximize the capability to detect snow cover while minimizing snow detection errors of commission and omission. While the basic snow detection algorithm will not change, new screens will be applied to alleviate snow detection commission and omission errors, and only the fractional snow cover (FSC) will be output (the binary snow cover area (SCA) map will no longer be included)

MODIS Snow Cover Mapping Decision Tree Technique: Snow and Cloud Discrimination

Accurate mapping of snow cover continues to challenge cryospheric scientists and modelers. The Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow data products have been used since 2000 by many investigators to map and monitor snow cover extent for various applications. Users have reported on the utility of the products and also on problems encountered. Three problems or hindrances in the use of the MODIS snow data products that have been reported in the literature are: cloud obscuration, snow/cloud confusion, and snow omission errors in thin or sparse snow cover conditions. Implementation of the MODIS snow algorithm in a decision tree technique using surface reflectance input to mitigate those problems is being investigated. The objective of this work is to use a decision tree structure for the snow algorithm. This should alleviate snow/cloud confusion and omission errors and provide a snow map with classes that convey information on how snow was detected, e.g. snow under clear sky, snow tinder cloud, to enable users' flexibility in interpreting and deriving a snow map. Results of a snow cover decision tree algorithm are compared to the standard MODIS snow map and found to exhibit improved ability to alleviate snow/cloud confusion in some situations allowing up to about 5% increase in mapped snow cover extent, thus accuracy, in some scenes

Normalized-Difference Snow Index (NDSI)

The Normalized-Difference Snow Index (NDSI) has a long history. 'The use of ratioing visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) or short-wave infrared (SWIR) channels to separate snow and clouds was documented in the literature beginning in the mid-1970s. A considerable amount of work on this subject was conducted at, and published by, the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory (AFGL). The objective of the AFGL work was to discriminate snow cover from cloud cover using an automated algorithm to improve global cloud analyses. Later, automated methods that relied on the VIS/NIR ratio were refined substantially using satellite data In this section we provide a brief history of the use of the NDSI for mapping snow cover