Monitoring the damage state of fiber reinforced composites using an FBG network for failure prediction

A structural health monitoring (SHM) study of biaxial glass fibre-reinforced epoxy matrix composites under a constant, high strain uniaxial fatigue loading is performed using fibre Bragg grating (FBG) optical sensors embedded in composites at various locations to monitor the evolution of local strains, thereby understanding the damage mechanisms. Concurrently, the temperature changes of the samples during the fatigue test have also been monitored at the same locations. Close to fracture, significant variations in local temperatures and strains are observed, and it is shown that the variations in temperature and strain can be used to predict imminent fracture. It is noted that the latter information cannot be obtained using external strain gages, which underlines the importance of the tracking of local strains internally

Effects of Different Deficit Irrigation Strategies on Yield, Fruit Quality and Some Parameters: ‘Braeburn’ Apple Cultivar

This study was conducted to determine the effects of deficit irrigation applied in different periods to dwarf rootstock apple trees (cv. ‘Braeburn’)on vegetative development, yield, fruit quality and marketable yield for three years (2010-2012). There were six different treatments (none deficit irrigation, T1; continuous deficit irrigation, T2; deficit irrigation between the 40th and 70th days after full bloom, DAFB, T3; deficit irrigation between the 70th and 100th DAFB, T4; deficit irrigation between the 100th and 130th DAFB, T5; deficit irrigation between the 130th and 160th DAFB, T6). It was determined that short-term (30 days) deficit irrigation treatments during growing season resulted in decrease for vegetative development and yield. The apples that have both the highest marketable yield and the highest red colour density were obtained from T3 in deficit irrigation treatments. T3 treatments saved irrigation water according to T1 treatment in study years (12.4%, 14.4% and 15.2 respectively). For more efficient use of water resources in case of limited irrigation water, T3 treatment was found to be recommendable for apple growers because it not only saves water but also affects yield and fruit quality least

Determining of the Effects of Salinity Stress on Vegetative Development of Sweet Cherry Grafted on Different Rootstocks

In this study, the effects of different levels of irrigation water salinity on vegetative development of 0900 Ziraat sweet cherry variety was investigated. The study was conducted at Eğirdir Fruit Research Station as pot experiment in 2013. One year old nurseries (0900 Ziraat variety) grafted on mazzard (Prunus avium L.) and mahalep (Prunus mahalep L.) rootstocks used commonly for sweet cherry growing in Turkey were used. A mixture (40 kg) of sand+loamy soil+peat+farm yard (1:2:1:0.5 ratios) was placed into 50 liter pots and one year old sweet cherry trees were planted in 50 litre pots. Four different levels of salinity water treatments (T1=0.3 dS m-1, T2=2.0 dS m-1, T3=4.0 dS m-1 and T4=6 dS m-1) were used for both variety/rootstocks combinations as research subjects. The all measurements were done for every 15 days during growing period for determining effects of salinity water treatments on trunk diameter, plant height, shoot length and shoot diameter and periodic alterations were also determined. According to the study, it was determined that vegetative development of sweet cherry trees was inhibited by salinity stress. According to results of vegetative development, it was found that nurseries grafted on mazzard rootstocks (Prunus avium L.) were more sensitive than nurseries grafted on mahalep rootstocks (Prunus mahalep L.). It can be that mahalep rootstock should be used for sweet cherry growing areas which has high irrigation water salinity

The Response of Braeburn Apple to Regulated Deficit Irrigation

WOS: 000539168700004Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) is one of deficit irrigation (DI) techniques and it is developed to minimize irrigation inputs in fruit production, especially in areas where water resources are limited, is recommended for saving irrigation water in agriculture. This study was conducted to determine the effects of deficit irrigation treatments applied in different growth periods on plant water consumption, water yield relations, stomatal conductance and yield of Braebum apple variety (grafted on M9 rootstock). Experiments were conducted in the years 2010, 2011, and 2012 at Fruit Research Institute, Egirdir, Isparta, Turkey. Six different irrigation treatments were applied as I-1; non-deficit irrigation program, I-2; continuous deficit irrigation program (CDI), I-3; deficit irrigation program between the 40th and 70th days after full bloom (DAFB), I-4; deficit irrigation program between the 70th and 100th DAFB, I-5; deficit irrigation program between the 100th and 130th DAFB and 16; deficit irrigation program between the 130th and 160th DAFB. the highest yield (55.2, 54.1 and 63.8 t ha(-1) in 2010, 2011 and 2012 respectively) and water use efficiency (WUE) (0.130, 0.129 and 0.137 t ha(-1) mm(-1) in 2010, 2011 and 2012) values were obtained from I-3 treatment in all short-term deficit irrigation treatments. the stomatal conductance values decreased during the short-term deficit irrigation treatments, but the values increased following the deficit irrigation periods. the results revealed that apple trees grafted on M9 rootstock were influenced by short-term water stress, but they were able to cope with stress after the deficit periods. in all deficit irrigation treatments, yield response factor (Ky) ranged from 0.77 to 2.11 Apple tree yield was less sensitive to water deficit in I-3 compared to other treatments. Therefore I-3 treatment was found to be applicable in case of scarce water resources since it ensured water saving.General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies of MAF [BBMB-11-01]This experiment was summarized a part of the research project (Project number: BBMB-11-01) funded by the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies of MAF

Responses of '0900 Ziraat' Sweet Cherry Variety Grafted on Different Rootstocks to Salt Stress

This study was conducted to determine the responses of '0900 Ziraat' sweet cherry cultivar grafted on mazzard (Prunus avium L.) and mahaleb (P. mahaleb L.) rootstocks, to different irrigation water salinity levels. One year old sweet cherry trees were planted in 50-liter pots at Egirdir Fruit Research Station (Isparta, Turkey). Four different irrigation water salinity levels (S-1=0.3 dS m(-1) S-2=2.0 dS m(-1), S-3=4.0 dS m(-1) and S-4=6 dS m(-1)) were used for both variety/rootstock combinations. The results showed that sweet cherry trees grafted on mahaleb rootstocks extracted more water under saline conditions than the ones grafted on mazzard. Water salinity levels caused more damage on 0900/mazzard than on 0900/mahaleb. Towards the end of the growing period, plant deaths were detected in S-3 and S-4 treatments. While midday leaf water potential (LWP) ranged from -1.54 to -3.33 MPa, stomatal conductance ranged from 26.8 to 199.5 mmol m(-2) s(-1). It was determined that both parameters decreased towards the end of the growing period for all treatments. Sodium (Na) uptake was excluded by 0900/mahaleb rootstocks, but chloride (Cl-) uptake was excluded only for higher saline conditions. As a result, mahaleb (P. mabaleb L.) rootstock could be recommended to be used as rootstock for sweet cherry culture under saline conditions

Effect of regulated deficit irrigation practices on income in apple production

It was aimed to determine the effects of regulated deficit irrigation practices except recommended irrigation on income in Braeburn apple variety grafted on M9 rootstock in this study. There were six different treatments (none deficit irrigation, I1; continuous deficit irrigation, I2; deficit irrigation between the 40th and 70th days after full bloom, DAFB, I3; deficit irrigation between the 70th and 100th DAFB, I4; deficit irrigation between the 100th and 130th DAFB, I5; deficit irrigation between the 130th and 160th DAFB, I6) in this study and their effects on yield and fruit quality and profitability were investigated. I3 and I6 with none deficit irrigation treatments were found to be most suitable practices in economic terms because of the high amount of quality fruits and yield values. Gross profit of the applications were determined as from highest to lowest, I1, I3, I6, I5, I4 and I2, respectively

Efficacy of different doses of lidocaine in the prevention of pain due to propofol injection: A randomized, open-label trial in 120 patients

Background. The incidence of pain due to propofol injection is high, but the most efficacious method of preventing this pain has not been identified

Muscle activation of the upper trapezius and functional typing performance during computer typing task: A comparison of two different wrist immobilization methods

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of two different wrist immobilization methods on the muscle activation of the upper trapezius muscle and functional typing performance during computer typing tasks in office workers. Methods: The study was conducted on 11 healthy office workers. The study subjects were asked to type on a computer for 5 min (1) without splint or taping, (2) with a splint, (3) with rigid taping which limits the wrist flexion at the dominant side. The upper trapezius muscle activation was recorded by surface EMG during the task. The mean values obtained from EMG were normalized according to Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction (MVIC), comparisons were made according to %MVIC. Results: The office workers' mean age was 27.45 +/- 3.64 years. There was no significant difference in immobilization methods between %MVIC on dominant (p = .508) and non-dominant (p = .213) sides. The upper trapezius of the non-dominant side showed higher electromyographic activity when the subjects used a splint (p = .013). There was a significant difference between splinting and rigid taping methods in typing performance (z =-2,491, p = .013). Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the upper trapezius muscle activation between the splint and rigid taping methods during the computer typing task on the dominant side. The typing performance was affected more during splint use compared to rigid tape application. Considering the importance of work efficiency in employees, rigid taping might be considered as an alternative splinting for wristimmobilization in office workers. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Sedation for outpatient endometrial biopsy: Comparison of remifentanil-propofol and Alfentanil-propofol

The purpose of the study was to compare the clinical activity of remifentanil or alfentanil. under propofol sedation with regard to respiratory rate, sedation and recovery rate when used for outpatient endometrial. biopsy. Patients were randomized to receive intravenously either bolus remifentanil 0.4 mug/kg and propofol 1 mg/kg in the remifentanil group (n = 30), or bolus alfentanil 20 mug/kg and propofol 1 mg/kg in the alfentanil group (n = 30). Patients were monitored for heart rate, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, peripheral O-2 saturation (SpO(2)), respiration rate, and Aldrete sedation score. Pulse oximetry was used to monitor heart rate and SpO(2) during endometrial biopsy. Apnoea was observed in five patients from the remifentanil group, and in three patients from the alfentanil group. The groups did not differ with regard to apnoea incidences. Times were recorded for orientation and Aldrete score > 8, and were similar between the two groups (13.20 +/- 3.64 min and 14.0 +/- 3.87 min in the remifentanil. group, 14.7 +/- 3.64 min and 15.9 +/- 3.15 min in the alfentanil group, respectively). The sedative and analgesic combination of remifentanil-propofol does not offer any advantages compared with a combination of alfentanil-propofol with regards to respiration and recovery during sedation for outpatient endometrial biopsy