Analysis of Time-to-Fatigue for Standing Jobs in Metal Stamping Industry

In metal stamping industry, almost all jobs are practically to be performed in standing position. Standing in a long period of time can lead to muscle fatigue. The objective of this study was to determine time-to-fatigue in the erector spinae, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius muscles of twenty production workers in a metal stamping company. The muscles activity was concurrently measured using surface electromyography (sEMG) during beginning, mid, and end of working sessions. Results of study found that gastrocnemius muscle fatigued earlier during all working sessions. In addition, working at the end of working session showed earlier fatigue than the beginning and mid of work days. The study concluded that standing in a long period of time is a cause to muscle fatigue experienced by the production workers

Ergonomics Risk Factors at Manufacturing Industry: A Prelude Study

Manufacturing industry has been recognized as a vital contributor to nation economy as it offers enormous job opportunities to local and foreign workers. In recognition the importance of manufacturing industry, workplaces should be designed ergonomically so that workers could perform jobs in a healthy working environment. The objectives of the current research are to identify ergonomics risk factors present in the related industries and propose a solution to minimize the risk of occupational injuries. The objectives are achieved through an ergonomics survey conducted in a metal stamping company that utilised video recording and face to face interviews with production workers to reveal the real situation. Based on the survey, there are evident that workers have been exposed to ergonomics risk factors associated with awkward working posture. Working posture assessment is performed and adjustable workstation is proposed as a control measure to minimize occupational injuries associated with awkward working posture. The research concluded that the redesign of the workstation has shown potential solution for a safe working posture

Application of quality function deployment to design a liquefied petroleum gas trolley

In Malaysia, the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is widely used for domestic purposes. The delivery men who are in charge of delivering the LPG cylinders to the customers are exposed to the ergonomic risk factors associated with excessive force due to the heavy steel cylinders. There are devices used to assist the delivery task, however, the devices are not efficient to be used in non elevated apartments. Due to this reason, this study aims to design an LPG cylinder trolley. Quality Function Deployment was integrated to design the LPG cylinder trolley, so that it can fulfill the delivery man's requirements, thus, an effective device to assist the delivery task is produced. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the integration of QFD is an effective solution in designing an effective LPG cylinder trolley

Application Of Pressure Biofeedback Unit As Part Of Ergonomics Assessment Tools For Assessing Back Pain Among Computer Users

The decrease in the back muscle strength, especially Transverse Abdominus (TrA) muscle can be an early symptom for the occurrence of back pain among individual. The Pressure Biofeedback Unit (PBU) was frequently used in the clinical setting to assess the TrA strength level among back pain patients. However, in the ergonomics setting, lack of studies available to look into the usefulness of the PBU to assess the back muscle strength level, especially the TrA among the working population who are having back pain symptoms. Therefore the current pilot study was conducted among ten computer users to look into the validity of the PBU in assessing the TrA strength level in identifying the early symptom of back pain. The validity of PBU results was compared with the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire results in identifying the back pain symptom among computer users. The chi-square analysis revealed that there was no any significant differences between PBU results and Standardized Nordic Questionnaire results in screening the early symptom of back pain. In conclusion, the current study revealed that the PBU can be an useful tool in the ergonomics assessment to identify the early symptom of back pain among computer users

Effect of Working Posture and Hand Grip for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Among Aerospace Workers

Manufacturing process often related to continues process to produce better quality and profitable product. Continues process is often linked with unstoppable process where workers done their job repetitively ever day. Repetitive motion of the workers may cause them have carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and this condition occur for workers in aero space industry. Therefore, investigate needs to be done on working posture and hand grip force to prevent CTS. The method is using the questionnaire on psychology working experience and equipment using vibration force and hand grip strength. The result shows the relationship between four factors; working experience, working posture, hand grip strength and exposure time. The suggestion is given such as hand massage, suitable vibration glove; reduce exposure time and regular exercise hands frequently to improve circulation for help CTS workers

A systematic review on the formative assessment practice in teaching and learning in secondary school

Formative assessment is an assessment that is conducted throughout the teaching and learning process. Therefore, teachers should play an important role in mastering the appropriate approaches to practicing formative assessment. According to previous studies, some teachers are unable to comprehend the roles of formative assessment practices in teaching and learning, which prevents them from using them effectively in the classroom. Many researchers have conducted research related to the practice of formative assessment in schools due to this issue. Therefore, this article aims to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) on past studies related to the practice of formative assessment in teaching and learning in secondary schools. This SLR writing process has been referred to as the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) writing standard. To find related articles and resources in this systematic literature review, two main databases, namely Web of Science and Scopus, were used. A total of 19 articles were extracted from 366 from 2017 to 2021, with exceptions and inclusion criteria considered. Based on the theme analysis, this SLR has three main themes: assessment diversity; assessment strategies, and student learning development. Thus, this study suggests that all compulsory levels of education understand formative assessment conceptually and its implementation comprehensively. This can be disseminated through teacher professional development training programs. It is hoped that such programs will develop teachers who are committed to integrating the concept and practice of assessment for the benefit of students in twenty-first century education

Analisa punca masalah kecacatan produk menggunakan alat kawalan kualiti berstatistik

Quality control is an integral part in process manufacturing product. Every player in manufacturing industries must give the big attention in quality product in order to gain competitiveness in the industries. Any product defect should be cared effectively using quality control tools in order to ensure it does not occur again and causing a big loss to the business. Along with growing of the computer technology, a web based system was developed to overcome the causes of the product defect in the plastic manufacturing industry. A computer system was developed using cause analysis tools such as scatter diagram, Pareto diagram and cause and effect diagram. These tools were appropriately applied because it used to discover the cause of the problem as suggested by American Society for Quality (ASQ). The system was followed Phased Development methodology based on System Development Life Cycle. This system was a web based system and developed using Preprocessor Hypertext (PHP) as a server side language and My Structured Query Language (MySQL) as a database manager and Adobe Dreamweaver CS3 as a script editor . The final output was the report of root cause for the defect product. Is used as an aid that will help the organization improve their quality efficiency and reduce scrap in their work

The effects of roller conveyor on muscle activity in workpiece loading on CNC machining centre: a preliminary study

In the recent years, Advance Manufacturing Technology (AMT) has been widely used in manufacturing industry to increase manufacturing process capability. However, Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine designs have only focused on its operational capability. The harmonious coordination between users and CNC machines is often neglected, which can contribute to hazardous working practices that can affect the health of users. Bending posture while loading the work piece to the machine can cause fatigue and discomfort to the users. Thus, the focus of this preliminary study is to analyse the effect of CNC machine work piece loading on muscle activity levels and to determine the effectiveness of roller conveyor in reducing muscle activity levels. Muscle activity has been analysed using surface electromyography (sEMG) technique. Erector spinae, biceps and trapezius muscles were concurrently measured during the work piece loading. Five male subjects (n=5) participated in the pre-intervention study and two subjects (n=2) in the post-intervention study (roller conveyor implementation) participated to test the effectiveness of the roller conveyor. Result pre-intervention study found that muscle activity level of biceps was the highest followed by trapezius and erector spinae. Based on the post-intervention study involving the roller conveyor, muscle activity of the erector spinae was reduced meanwhile the muscle activity of biceps and trapezius increased for both subjects

Effect of Modified Harmony Search Towards The Area Coverage In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) have attracted many researcher to dig deeper of their abilities and specialty in carrying sensing duty. A lot of improvements have been done from day to day in many aspects including crucial issues such as energy and area coverage. Modified Harmony Search (MHS) is an improvement from basic Harmony Search (HS) method. All HS method will undergo the same step which are initialization of parameter, initialization of Harmony Memory (HM), improvisation, HM update and criterion checked. MHS undergo improvisation at the third step where the selection criteria is referring to the node placement in the memory. In this paper, we are implementing Modified Harmony Search algorithm (MHS) for node deployment purpose and the performance index such as area coverage is observed

Investigation of cutting parameter and machine tool vibration effects using regression analysis to enhance part dimensional accuracy

Dimensional accuracy plays important criteria in producing high quality machined parts. This is a big challenge to manufacturers of precision components to produce good quality parts with minimum manufacturing error. The focus of this paper is to study the influence of the machine tool rigidity and cutting parameters on dimensional accuracy in turning operation. A method was prepared for identifying the factors effecting dimensional accuracy in a turning process. Experimental setup involved computerized numerical control (CNC) lathe machine, with VBMT 160404 carbide insert and mild steel, as cutting tool and workpiece respectively. The statistical analysis was used for analyzing and determining the accuracy of experimental data through Minitab statistical software. The regressions model was developed. The developed regression model could be used to predict the dimensional precision of the parts based on machine tool vibration and machining parameters during turning process. This is the aspect to be seriously considered and be applied in attaining sustainable machine tool development during design and development stage and its usage. This finding provides useful guidelines for manufacturers to produce high quality machined parts at minimum manufacturing cost. It was found that the cutting speed, feed rate, final part length, vibration x and vibration z have significant effects on dimensional accuracy of the machined parts