Teaching teachers in effectual entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education is seen by all kind of people to be important for economic growth. Teaching entrepreneurship needs another approach. Active learning and the constructivism is mostly seen as essential. Other elements that are influencing the teaching process are the competences, the culture and the teacher. So the teacher must be capable of using other methods and theory as he is used to. Effectuation, constructivism and andragogy are the key elements for the training of entrepreneurial teachers. From that perspective there has been made an education program that will start in September 2013 for teachers at universities of applied science. Until that time there are being held some minor experiments on parts of the program

Aspectos sociales de la migración internacional: consideraciones preliminares

Incluye BibliografíaEl estudio de la migración internacional ha resurgido en la última década por la importancia que ésta adquiere en un mundo de economía globalizada, en el cual el desplazamiento de los factores de producción se intensifica rápidamente, involucrando también al traslado de personas. Tales movimientos poblacionales tienen enormes repercusiones sociales y económicas, obligando las instancias públicas a tomar decisiones nuevas. En este trabajo se hace un balance de algunos temas relacionados con los impactos sociales de la migración internacional, entre los que se cuentan: las migraciones internacionales y la globalización; la importancia relativa de los factores demográficos como causas de la dinámica migratoria; las cadenas migratorias, las remesas y el desarrollo de comunidades de origen; la selectividad migratoria, la xenofobia y la discriminación, y la relación entre salud reproductiva, equidad de género y migración internacional

National estimates for maternal mortality: an analysis based on the WHO systematic review of maternal mortality and morbidity

BACKGROUND: Despite the worldwide commitment to improving maternal health, measuring, monitoring and comparing maternal mortality estimates remain a challenge. Due to lack of data, international agencies have to rely on mathematical models to assess its global burden. In order to assist in mapping the burden of reproductive ill-health, we conducted a systematic review of incidence/prevalence of maternal mortality and morbidity. METHODS: We followed the standard methodology for systematic reviews. This manuscript presents nationally representative estimates of maternal mortality derived from the systematic review. Using regression models, relationships between study-specific and country-specific variables with the maternal mortality estimates are explored in order to assist further modelling to predict maternal mortality. RESULTS: Maternal mortality estimates included 141 countries and represent 78.1% of the live births worldwide. As expected, large variability between countries, and within regions and subregions, is identified. Analysis of variability according to study characteristics did not yield useful results given the high correlation with each other, with development status and region. A regression model including selected country-specific variables was able to explain 90% of the variability of the maternal mortality estimates. Among all country-specific variables selected for the analysis, three had the strongest relationships with maternal mortality: proportion of deliveries assisted by a skilled birth attendant, infant mortality rate and health expenditure per capita. CONCLUSION: With the exception of developed countries, variability of national maternal mortality estimates is large even within subregions. It seems more appropriate to study such variation through differentials in other national and subnational characteristics. Other than region, study of country-specific variables suggests infant mortality rate, skilled birth attendant at delivery and health expenditure per capita are key variables to predict maternal mortality at national level