Results of surveys of the Supply of and Demand for Nuclear Experts within the EU-28 Civil Nuclear Energy Sector

Today, more than 25% of electricity power in the European Union is produced by the nuclear energy sector. This corresponds to more than 50% of EU's low carbon electricity. The EU's Energy Strategy Plan foresees that nuclear energy will remain an important factor of the EU's energy mix until 2050 – and even beyond. The EU promotes the highest safety standards for all types of civilian nuclear activity, including the Nuclear Energy Sector. Having sufficient skilled and trained Human Respources (HR) is an important component for ensuring safe operation nuclear power plants. The objective of EHRO-N is to develop strategic plans addressing potential human resource and skills gaps in the EU nuclear sector. Initial studies have already triggered several new education and training initiatives in the Member States and at EU level. The report presents the results from two stakeholder surveys performed in 2018; one with the higher education institutions (HR supply side) and one from nuclear stakeholders (HR demand side). When possible the report makes comparisons with data from the previous EHRO-N surveys in 2010 and 2014. Finally, the report proposes a way forward for a more robust methodology to assess the nuclear workforce in the sectorJRC.G.10-Knowledge for Nuclear Security and Safet

Identification of infants with increased type 1 diabetes genetic risk for enrollment into Primary Prevention Trials-GPPAD-02 study design and first results

Primary prevention of type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires intervention in genetically at-risk infants. The Global Platform for the Prevention of Autoimmune Diabetes (GPPAD) has established a screening program, GPPAD-02, that identifies infants with a genetic high risk of T1D, enrolls these into primary prevention trials, and follows the children for beta-cell autoantibodies and diabetes. Genetic testing is offered either at delivery, together with the regular newborn testing, or at a newborn health care visits before the age of 5 months in regions of Germany (Bavaria, Saxony, Lower Saxony), UK (Oxford), Poland (Warsaw), Belgium (Leuven), and Sweden (Region Skåne). Seven clinical centers will screen around 330 000 infants. Using a genetic score based on 46 T1D susceptibility single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or three SNPS and a first-degree family history for T1D, infants with a high (>10%) genetic risk for developing multiple beta-cell autoantibodies by the age of 6 years are identified. Screening from October 2017 to December 2018 was performed in 50 669 infants. The prevalence of high genetic risk for T1D in these infants was 1.1%. Infants with high genetic risk for T1D are followed up and offered to participate in a randomized controlled trial aiming to prevent beta-cell autoimmunity and T1D by tolerance induction with oral insulin. The GPPAD-02 study provides a unique path to primary prevention of beta-cell autoimmunity in the general population. The eventual benefit to the community, if successful, will be a reduction in the number of children developing beta-cell autoimmunity and T1D.status: publishe