Curriculum management at a special support school by the School Management Council : Analysis of planning and management utilizing facilitation skills

特別支援学校小学部・中学部学習指導要領（文部科学省，2017）（以下，新学習指導要領とする。）では、未来の創り手である子供たちに必要な資質・能力を育成するため、学校と社会が連携・協働していくことや、社会に開かれた教育課程の実施が示された。また、教育課程の改善を軸とした学校教育の改善・充実の循環を生み出すカリキュラム・マネジメントの重要性も示された。一方、広島県においては、平成31（2019）年４月より、すべての県立学校が社会と連携・協働していくために、学校運営協議会を設置したコミュニティ・スクールとなった。 本報告では、広島県立呉南特別支援学校のカリキュラム・マネジメントの取組の現状やファシリテーションのスキルを活用した学校運営協議会の企画・運営による学校教育の改善・充実を目指した実践について報告する。The revised elementary and lower secondary Courses of Study for special support schools (2017) calls for cooperation and collaboration between schools and their communities, and the implementation of curriculums that are open to society, with an aim to cultivate necessary qualities and abilities in children who are creators of the future. In addition, the documents indicate the pivotal importance of curriculum management, which creates a virtuous circle of improvement and enhancement of education in schools. In this regard, as of April 2019, “community schools” were established in Hiroshima Prefecture by the School Management Council to promote collaboration and cooperation between all prefectural-run schools and their communities. This report describes the current state of curriculum management initiatives at Hiroshima Prefectural Kure-Minami Special Support School and the practices aimed at enhancing and improving education via planning and operations of the School Management Council, utilizing facilitation skills

Laser-Produced Heavy Ion Plasmas as Efficient Soft X-Ray Sources

We demonstrate extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft x-ray sources in the 2- to 7 -nm spectral region related to the beyond extreme ultraviolet (BEUV) question at 6.x nm and a water window source based on laser-produced high-Z plasmas. Strong emissions from multiply charged ions merge to produce intense unresolved transition array (UTA) toward extending below the carbon K-edge (4.37 nm). An outline of a microscope design for single-shot live- cell imaging is proposed based on a high-Z UTA plasma source, coupled to x-ray optics. We will discuss the progress and Z-scaling of UTA emission spectra to achieve lab-scale table-top, efficient, high-brightness high-Z plasma EUV-soft x-ray sources for in vivo bio-imaging applications

Scaling of laser produced plasma UTA emission down to 3 nm for next generation lithography and short wavelength imaging

Presented at a poster session at Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components VI, Monday 22 August 2011, San Diego, California, USAAn engineering prototype high average power 13.5-nm source has been shipped to semiconductor facilities to permit the commencement of high volume production at a 100 W power level in 2011. In this source, UTA (unresolved transition array) emission of highly ionized Sn is optimized for high conversion efficiency and full recovery of the injected fuel is realized through ion deflection in a magnetic field. By use of a low-density target, satellite emission is suppressed and full ionization attained with short pulse CO2 laser irradiation. The UTA is scalable to shorter wavelengths, and Gd is shown to have similar conversion efficiency to Sn (13.5 nm) at a higher plasma temperature, with a narrow spectrum centered at 6.7 nm, where a 70% reflectivity mirror is anticipated. Optimization of short pulse CO2 laser irradiation is studied, and further extension of the same method is discussed, to realize 100 W average power down to a wavelength of 3 nmScience Foundation Irelandau, ke, co, li - TS 28.03.1

Opacity effects on soft X-ray spectra from highly charged lanthanide ions in laser-produced plasmas

We have observed soft X-ray spectra from highly charged ions of seven different lanthanide elements with atomic numbers ranging from 60 to 70 in laser-produced plasmas (LPPs) using CO2 and Nd:YAG laser systems, the wavelengths of which are 10.6 μm and 1.064 μm, respectively. The spectral feature drastically changes between the two types of LPPs due primarily to the difference in opacity. Narrow band quasicontinuum features arising from n= 4–4 transitions, the centre wavelength of which systematically moves to shorter wavelength as the atomic number (Z) increases, are observed in theCO2LPPs, accompanied by sharp peaks coinciding with the strongest resonance lines of Pd-like ions for lower Z elements. In contrast, the quasicontinuum bands are broader and smoother in the Nd:YAG LPPs, appearing with bands of n= 4–5 transitions on the shorter wavelength side. The results are also discussed based on comparisons with atomic structure calculations for ions with outermost 4d and 4f subshells

Development of an experimental database of EUV spectra from highly charged ions of medium to high Z elements in the Large Helical Device plasmas

We are developing an experimental database of extreme ultraviolet spectra from highly charged ions using optically thin high-temperature plasmas produced in the Large Helical Device. Spectra from a variety of elements with atomic numbers ranging from 36 to 83 have been systematically recorded in the range of 1–20 nm by a grazing incidence spectrometer. For higher Z elements from tin onward, discrete or quasicontinuum spectral features from n=4 (N-shell) ions are mainly observed depending upon the plasma temperature, which leads to some new experimental identifications of spectral lines. On the other hand, major emitters are n=3 (M-shell) ions for medium Z elements from krypton to ruthenium. The calculated wavelengths for Δn≠0 transitions agree well with the measurements and the calculated wavelengths are systematically shifted to shorter wavelengths for Δn=0 transitions associated with inner-subshell excited configurations

Extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy and atomic models of highly charged heavy ions in the Large Helical Device

We report recent results of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectroscopy of highly charged heavy ions in plasmas produced in the Large Helical Device (LHD). The LHD is an ideal source of experimental databases of EUV spectra because of high brightness and low opacity, combined with the availability of pellet injection systems and reliable diagnostic tools. The measured heavy elements include tungsten, tin, lanthanides and bismuth, which are motivated by ITER as well as a variety of plasma applications such as EUV lithography and biological microscopy. The observed spectral features drastically change between quasicontinuum and discrete depending on the plasma temperature, which leads to some new experimental identifications of spectral lines. We have developed collisional-radiative models for some of these ions based on the measurements. The atomic number dependence of the spectral feature is also discussed

Extension of the operational regime of the LHD towards a deuterium experiment

As the finalization of a hydrogen experiment towards the deuterium phase, the exploration of the best performance of hydrogen plasma was intensively performed in the large helical device. High ion and electron temperatures, Ti and Te, of more than 6 keV were simultaneously achieved by superimposing high-power electron cyclotron resonance heating onneutral beam injection (NBI) heated plasma. Although flattening of the ion temperature profile in the core region was observed during the discharges, one could avoid degradation by increasing the electron density. Another key parameter to present plasma performance is an averaged beta value $\left\langle \beta \right\rangle$ . The high $\left\langle \beta \right\rangle$ regime around 4% was extended to an order of magnitude lower than the earlier collisional regime. Impurity behaviour in hydrogen discharges with NBI heating was also classified with a wide range of edge plasma parameters. The existence of a no impurity accumulation regime, where the high performance plasma is maintained with high power heating  >10 MW, was identified. Wide parameter scan experiments suggest that the toroidal rotation and the turbulence are the candidates for expelling impurities from the core region

Comparison of molecular conductance between planar and twisted 4-phenylpyridines by means of two-dimensional phase separation of tetraphenylporphyrin templates at a liquid-HOPG interface.

Tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) rhodium chlorides coordinated by planar and twisted 4-phenylpyridine derivatives were synthesized. An STM image was taken by a 2-D phase separation technique and the conductance was evaluated. Difference in apparent height between these phenylpyridines reflects the conductance ratio of ligands