Water sanitation and hygiene status in the neighbourhood of Bangladeshi Islamic schools and mosques

Faith based interventions have been underutilized to improve water, sanitation and hygiene status and offers promise to promote behaviour in the community. Prior to delivering a faith based WASH intervention, we conducted a survey among the neighbouring households of eight Bangladeshi Islamic schools and associated mosques. We randomly selected 192 families from where any male attend mosque and interviewed adult women from that family. At baseline, almost all households used improved water sources and improved toilets. However, toilet cleanliness was poor. Faecal matter was disposed into the environment after emptying the pit/septic tank. Defecation and disposal among children <3years mostly occurred directly in the open which should be improved using behaviour change recommendations. Presence of hand washing agent in the hand washing place was low. Islamic faith based intervention should be designed and delivered in way that can promote hand washing, safe sanitation practices and safe disposal of child faeces

Trace element concentrations (mg kg^-1) in the most frequently consumed sea fish (Ikan Kembung) in Malaysia.

<p>The average concentration for each metal was used in the calculations of daily intake of metals.</p><p>Trace element concentrations (mg kg^-1) in the most frequently consumed sea fish (Ikan Kembung) in Malaysia.</p

Trace element concentrations (mg kg^-1) in the most frequently consumed sea fish (Ikan Kembung) in Malaysia.

<p>The average concentration for each metal was used in the calculations of daily intake of metals.</p><p>Trace element concentrations (mg kg^-1) in the most frequently consumed sea fish (Ikan Kembung) in Malaysia.</p

Decay data of the detected radionuclides of interest (Source: http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/).

<p>The γ-lines in bold were used in activity determination.</p><p>Decay data of the detected radionuclides of interest (Source: <a href="http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/" target="_blank">http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/</a>).</p

Kembung fish (<i>Rastrelliger kanagurta</i>).

<p>Kembung fish (<i>Rastrelliger kanagurta</i>).</p

Heavy metal concentrations in fish of Port Klang, Pantai Remis and Bagan Lalang: Comparison of Daily Estimated Intake (EDI) with the Tolarable Daily Intake (TDI) of heavy metals.

<p>Heavy metal concentrations in fish of Port Klang, Pantai Remis and Bagan Lalang: Comparison of Daily Estimated Intake (EDI) with the Tolarable Daily Intake (TDI) of heavy metals.</p

A typical gamma-ray spectrum collected from a fish sample.

<p>A typical gamma-ray spectrum collected from a fish sample.</p

Marine fish samples collection data.

<p>*Indian mackerel</p><p>Marine fish samples collection data.</p