26,648 research outputs found
The Final Fate of Spherical Inhomogeneous Dust Collapse
We examine the role of the initial density and velocity distribution in the
gravitational collapse of a spherical inhomogeneous dust cloud. Such a collapse
is described by the Tolman-Bondi metric which has two free functions: the
`mass-function' and the `energy function', which are determined by the initial
density and velocity profile of the cloud. The collapse can end in a black-hole
or a naked singularity, depending on the initial parameters characterizing
these profiles. In the marginally bound case, we find that the collapse ends in
a naked singularity if the leading non-vanishing derivative of the density at
the center is either the first one or the second one. If the first two
derivatives are zero, and the third derivative non-zero, the singularity could
either be naked or covered, depending on a quantity determined by the third
derivative and the central density. If the first three derivatives are zero,
the collapse ends in a black hole. In particular, the classic result of
Oppenheimer and Snyder, that homogeneous dust collapse leads to a black hole,
is recovered as a special case. Analogous results are found when the cloud is
not marginally bound, and also for the case of a cloud starting from rest. We
also show how the strength of the naked singularity depends on the density and
velocity distribution. Our analysis generalizes and simplifies the earlier work
of Christodoulou and Newman [4,5] by dropping the assumption of evenness of
density functions. It turns out that relaxing this assumption allows for a
smooth transition from the naked singularity phase to the black-hole phase, and
also allows for the occurrence of strong curvature naked singularities.Comment: 23 pages; Plain Tex; TIFR-TAP preprin
DCDIDP: A distributed, collaborative, and data-driven intrusion detection and prevention framework for cloud computing environments
With the growing popularity of cloud computing, the exploitation of possible vulnerabilities grows at the same pace; the distributed nature of the cloud makes it an attractive target for potential intruders. Despite security issues delaying its adoption, cloud computing has already become an unstoppable force; thus, security mechanisms to ensure its secure adoption are an immediate need. Here, we focus on intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPSs) to defend against the intruders. In this paper, we propose a Distributed, Collaborative, and Data-driven Intrusion Detection and Prevention system (DCDIDP). Its goal is to make use of the resources in the cloud and provide a holistic IDPS for all cloud service providers which collaborate with other peers in a distributed manner at different architectural levels to respond to attacks. We present the DCDIDP framework, whose infrastructure level is composed of three logical layers: network, host, and global as well as platform and software levels. Then, we review its components and discuss some existing approaches to be used for the modules in our proposed framework. Furthermore, we discuss developing a comprehensive trust management framework to support the establishment and evolution of trust among different cloud service providers. © 2011 ICST
Genericity aspects in gravitational collapse to black holes and naked singularities
We investigate here the genericity and stability aspects for naked
singularities and black holes that arise as the final states for a complete
gravitational collapse of a spherical massive matter cloud. The form of the
matter considered is a general Type I matter field, which includes most of the
physically reasonable matter fields such as dust, perfect fluids and such other
physically interesting forms of matter widely used in gravitation theory. We
first study here in some detail the effects of small pressure perturbations in
an otherwise pressure-free collapse scenario, and examine how a collapse
evolution that was going to the black hole endstate would be modified and go to
a naked singularity, once small pressures are introduced in the initial data.
This allows us to understand the distribution of black holes and naked
singularities in the initial data space. Collapse is examined in terms of the
evolutions allowed by Einstein equations, under suitable physical conditions
and as evolving from a regular initial data. We then show that both black holes
and naked singularities are generic outcomes of a complete collapse, when
genericity is defined in a suitable sense in an appropriate space.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures, some changes in text and figures to match the
version accepted for publication by IJMP
Superconductivity in 2-2-3 system Y2Ba2Cu2O(8+delta)
Researchers synthesized a new high T(sub c) 2-2-3 superconductor Y2Ba2Cu3O(8+delta) by a special preparation technique and characterized it by ac-susceptibility measurements. Diamagnetism and Meissner effect sets in at low fields and superconducting transition onsets at 90 K. The systematic investigation of the real and imaginary components of ac-susceptibility as a function of temperature and applied ac magnetic field reveals that the magnetic behavior is that of a granular type superconductor
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