Gerakan 30 September 1965 Dalam Perspektif Filsafat Sejarah Marxisme

The Thirtieth of September Movement 1965 (G30S 1965), is a movement which is very influential in the history of Indonesian society until today. After G30S 1965, freedom of ideology began to be restricted in Indonesia. In addition, the slaughter of millions of human beings, with the reason to eradicate communism, began to take place after G30S 1965. A restriction on freedom of ideology is also touching the academic life. Based on TAP MPRS No.. XXV/1966, the study of Marxism-Leninism ideology is limited. This resulted in the lack of alternative and scientific thought in the academic world in Indonesia. The Thirtieth of September Movement 1965 (G30S 1965), is the manifestation of class contradictions in the Indonesian capitalist society. G30S 1965, emphasize the class contradictions in Indonesian society. Social classes in Indonesian society is a military bourgeoisie represented by the TNI (Indonesian Armed Forces), the proletariat, as represented by the PKI (Indonesian Communist Party). President Sukarno, was the one who stand in the middle of the contradiction between the army and the PKI. And then, G30S 1965, used as an excuse by Suharto and the army to stage a creeping coup against President Sukarno and slaughtered millions of cadres and sympathizers of the PKI. After the G30S 1965, the New Order regime of Suharto opened the door wide open for International capitalism to exploit the natural resources of Indonesia. Suharto's New Order regime improves Indonesian capitalism

Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Pinjaman Pada Koperasi Apac Inti Pelita Sejahtera

Dengan adanya teknologi informasi dapat membuat suatu sistem yang terkomputerisasi dimana sistem ini sangat mendukung kecepatan, kemudahan, & keakuratan dalam mengumpulkan pengolahan penyimpanan data. Koperasi apac inti pelita sejahtera belum ada suatu sistem database khusus untuk menangani transaksi peminjaman, sehingga transaksi-transaksi yang dilakukan masih terdapat kesalahan-kesalahan mulai data yang ganda, sampai pencarian data yang memakan waktu lama.berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka diperlukan sistem informasi peminjaman pada koperasi apac inti pelita sejahtera dengan menganalisa,merancang & mengembangkan sistem informasi peminjaman guna untuk mempercepat proses pendataan peminjaman. Metode yang digunakan adalah SDLC (system development life cycle) atau lebih dikenal sebagai waterfall. Metode ini bersifat sekuensial, sehingga penyelesaiaan satu set kegiatan menyebabkan dimulainya aktifitas selanjutnya karena prosesnya mengalir secara sistematis dari tahap awal ke tahap berikutnya. Penelitian tersebut menghasilkan program sistem informasi peminjaman yang membantu mempercepat proses peminjaman & menyajikan laporan-laporan yang berkaitan dengan peminjaman dengan cepat. Di harapkan koperasi apac inti pelita sejahtera dapat mengembangkan aplikasi ini untuk kesejahteraan perusahaaan. KataKunci: Sistem, Informasi, Sistem Informasi, Sistem Informasi Peminjaman   With the information technology can make a computerized system where the system is very supportive of speed, convenience, and accuracy in collecting the data storage processing. Cooperative apac inti pelita sejahtera yet a database system for handling lending transactions, so that transactions are carried out there are mistakes begin double data, to search data that takes a long time. based on the problems it is necessary lending to information systems Cooperative apac inti pelita sejahtera by analyzing, designing and developing information systems in order to accelerate the process of borrowing the loan collection. the method used is SDLC (system development life cycle) or better known as the waterfall. This method is sequential, so Completion of the set of activities led to the start of the next activity because the process flow systematically from the initial stage to the next stage. The research generate lending program information system that helps speed up the process of borrowing and present reports relating to the loan quickly. It is hoped that the Cooperative apac inti pelita sejahtera can develop this application for the well-being of the company. Keywords: System, Information, Information Systems, Information Systems Loa

Identification and bioactivity of native strains of Bacillus thuringiensis from grain-related habitats in Turkey

A native collection of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains originated from grain-related habitats in Turkey was characterized according to serotype, cry1 gene content, and bioactivity against Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) and Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Twenty-three different serotypes as well as 24 unknown serotypes were obtained from 56 positively agglutinated strains with previously characterized antisera. Most common serovars were sotto, kim, and tochigiensis with the percentages of 14, 14, and 13, respectively. Among the cry1 gene-positive 36 strains, cry1E (100%), cry1Aa (94%), cry1Ac (92%), and cry1D (83%) genes were the most abundant. Bioactivity tests with 56 Bt strains carrying cry1, cry2, and/or cry9 genes indicated that all of them resulted in growth retardation or inhibition of larvae of both E. kuehniella and S. littoralis; however, only one strain, 85PPb (serovar morrisoni), caused high mortality in both insects (84% and 100%, respectively). Different crystal morphology was observed for the strain 85PPb and the standard strain B. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni. Finally, no correlation was found among serotype, cry gene content and biotoxicity of Bt strains in the collection. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Devlet Planlama Örgütü: 2002K-120/390We thank Dr. Mehmet Ali Göven and Dr. Bilgin Güven at the Plant Protection Department in Agricultural Research Institute, IZMIR, for their assistance with insect culture. This work was supported by a grant from Turkish Republic, State Planning Organization, DPT (2002K-120/390). -

Identification of extracellular enzyme producing alkalophilic bacilli from Izmir province by 16S-ITS rDNA RFLP

WOS: 000223817600012PubMed ID: 15357726Aims: To screen industrially important extracellular enzymes from the newly isolated alkalophilic bacilli and to characterize them by phenotypic and 16S-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA restriction pattern analysis. Methods and Results: Three different environmental samples, soil, leather and horse faeces, were collected within the province of Izmir. Isolates grown on Horikoshi-I medium for 24 h at 37degreesC were screened for extracellular enzyme activity by using eight different substrates: birchwood xylan, carboxymethylcellulose, casein, citrus pectin, polygalacturonic acid, soluble starch, and Tween 20 and 80. In total, 115 extracellular enzyme-producing bacilli were obtained. Casein was hydrolysed by 78%, soluble starch by 67%, citrus pectin by 63%, polygalacturonic acid by 62%, Tween 20 by 34%, birchwood xylan by 16%, Tween 80 by 12%, and carboxymethylcellulose by 3% of the isolates. The isolates were differentiated into 19 distinct homology groups by the 16S-ITS rDNA restriction pattern analysis. Conclusions: Eight different extracellular enzyme activities were determined in 115 endospore forming bacilli. The largest 16S-ITS rDNA homology group (HT1) included 36% of the isolates, 98% of which degraded casein, polygalacturonic acid, pectin and starch. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study is the first report on the characterization of the industrial enzyme-producing alkalophilic bacilli by 16S-ITS rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Restriction profiles of 64% of the isolates were found to be different from those of five reference strains used

Homofermentative lactic acid bacteria of a traditional cheese, Comlek peyniri from Cappadocia region

PubMed ID: 15747727Comlek peyniri is a typical artisanal cheese in Central Anatolia. This type of cheese was made by using the indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) flora of cow or ewes' milk. Majority of the samples were taken from fresh cheese because the aim was to isolate homofermentative LAB. Initially 661 microbial isolates were obtained from 17 cheese samples. Only 107 were found to be homofermentative LAB. These isolates were selected and identified by using both phenotypic and molecular methods. Phenotypic identification included curd formation from skim milk, catalase test, Gram staining and light microscopy, growth at different temperatures and salt concentrations, arginine hydrolysis, gas production from glucose, and carbohydrate fermentation. Molecular identification was based on the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the 16S rRNA gene-ITS (internally transcribed spacer) region. By combining the phenotypic and molecular identification results, isolates belonging to each of the following genera were determined at species or subspecies level: 54 Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, 21 Enterococcus faecium, 3 Ec. faecalis, 2 Ec. durans, 10 Ec. sp., 15 Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, and 2 Lb. casei strains. Technological characterisation was also performed by culturing each of the strains in UHT skim milk, and by monitoring pH change and lactic acid production at certain time intervals through the 24 h incubation. Results of the technological characterisation indicated that 33% of the isolates (35 strains) were capable of lowering the pH of UHT milk below 5.3 after 6 h incubation at 30°C. Thirty four of these strains were Lc. lactis subsp. lactis, and only one was an Ec. faecium strain