Que signifie l'expression « les corps politiques et les corporations » utilisée à l'article 33 du Code de procédure civile du Québec?

À l'aide des règles d'interprétation reconnues relatives aux lois codifiées, aux lois refondues et aux lois bilingues et, suivant la jurisprudence et la doctrine britanniques, l'auteur démontre que l'expression « les corps politiques et les corporations », utilisée à l'article 33 du Code de procédure civile (C.P.C.) du Québec, signifie seulement « les corporations ».Applying the main principles of construction relating to consolidated, codified and bilingual statutes and, following British authorities and doctrine, the author shows that the phrase « les corps politiques et les corporations » (bodies politic and corporate), used in article 33 of the Code of Civil procedure of Quebec, means only « corporations »

Étude nivométrique sur le bassin de la rivière Sainte-Anne de Beaupré

During the winter 1959-60, the authors have studied various characteristics of the snow cover in the basin of the river Ste. Anne de Beaupré. They observed that the density of snow always varied between 2.0 and 2.5. The classical method of converting 10 inches of snow to one inch of water then appears a debatable question. The graphs of snow precipitations established over a period of ten years suggest that the basin of the Ste. Anne de Beaupré is typical of a regime with two maximums which occur sometimes between December and March

EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT DIVERSITY ON IT GOVERNANCE

As all organizations are attaching more strategic importance to information technology (IT), IT governance has gained researchers’ interest. In fact, a large body of literature focuses on firm-specific or executive management attributes such as leadership as determinants of IT governance. However, it is still relevant to identify other factors influencing IT governance. Since executive management demographics and demographic diversity have an impact on strategic decisions, we explore the influence of executive management diversity on IT governance. Results suggest that IT governance for a high educational-high tenure diversity profile differs significantly from that for a low industry-moderate tenure diversity profile and a high industry-low tenure diversity profile. Furthermore, IT governance structures differ according to executive management diversity profile more than IT governance processes and relational mechanisms

Outil de validation de l'épreuve terminale d'un cours au collégial

Une démarche d’autoévaluation d’un programme d’études nous a amenées à élaborer un outil d’analyse réflexive, destiné aux enseignants, qui permet de porter un regard critique sur les choix pédagogiques en matière d’évaluation des compétences dans le cadre de l’épreuve terminale de cours. L’utilisation de cet outil s’inscrit dans une démarche qui assure la qualité de l’évaluation des apprentissages et facilite un processus d’évaluation continue des programmes d’études. Les participants seront invités à mettre à l’essai cette démarche réflexive

Measures of Fine Motor Skills in People with Tremor Disorders: Appraisal and Interpretation

People with Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, or other movement disorders involving tremor have changes in fine motor skills that are among the hallmarks of these diseases. Numerous measurement tools have been created and other methods devised to measure such changes in fine motor skills. Measurement tools may focus on specific features – e.g., motor skills or dexterity, slowness in movement execution associated with parkinsonian bradykinesia, or magnitude of tremor. Less obviously, some tools may be better suited than others for specific goals such as detecting subtle dysfunction early in disease, revealing aspects of brain function affected by disease, or tracking changes expected from treatment or disease progression. The purpose of this review is to describe and appraise selected measurement tools of fine motor skills appropriate for people with tremor disorders. In this context, we consider the tools’ content – i.e., what movement features they focus on. In addition, we consider how measurement tools of fine motor skills relate to measures of a person’s disease state or a person’s function. These considerations affect how one should select and interpret the results of these tools in laboratory and clinical contexts

La pédagogie coopérative une approche à redécouvrir

Grâce à l’efficacité de l’apprentissage horizontal, c’est-à-dire d’étudiant à étudiant, la pédagogie coopérative favorise un apprentissage en profondeur. L’article propose une présentation des principaux éléments de l’apprentissage coopératif ainsi que des limites et des écueils associés à ce type d’apprentissage. Les auteures énoncent d’abord les cinq principes organisateurs des situations d’apprentissage coopératif puis présentent les habiletés requises par les étudiants et que l’enseignant pourra mettre en relief afin de guider et d’observer les étudiants. L’article expose ensuite différentes stratégies possibles pour la formation des équipes : on peut les former au gré du hasard, mais aussi suivre une logique préétablie. Dans le contexte du travail coopératif, vaut-il mieux mener des évaluations individuelles ou de groupe? Les deux avenues sont possibles et l’on peut aussi introduire de l’autoévaluation afin de permettre aux étudiants d’autoréguler leurs apprentissages. Les auteures nous invitent enfin à noter que, malgré ses effets positifs, l’apprentissage coopératif au collégial comporte des limites dont il importe de tenir compte

Behavior of human gastrocnemius muscle fascicles during ramped submaximal isometric contractions.

Precise estimates of muscle architecture are necessary to understand and model muscle mechanics. The primary aim of this study was to estimate continuous changes in fascicle length and pennation angle in human gastrocnemius muscles during ramped plantar flexor contractions at two ankle angles. The secondary aim was to determine whether these changes differ between proximal and distal fascicles. Fifteen healthy subjects performed ramped contractions (0-25% MVC) as ultrasound images were recorded from the medial (MG, eight sites) and lateral (LG, six sites) gastrocnemius muscle with the ankle at 90° and 120° (larger angles correspond to shorter muscle lengths). In all subjects, fascicles progressively shortened with increasing torque. MG fascicles shortened 5.8 mm (11.1%) at 90° and 4.5 mm (12.1%) at 120°, whereas LG muscle fascicles shortened 5.1 mm (8.8%) at both ankle angles. MG pennation angle increased 1.4° at 90° and 4.9° at 120°, and LG pennation angle decreased 0.3° at 90° and increased 2.6° at 120°. Muscle architecture changes were similar in proximal and distal fascicles at both ankle angles. This is the first study to describe continuous changes in fascicle length and pennation angle in the human gastrocnemius muscle during ramped isometric contractions. Very similar changes occurred in proximal and distal muscle regions. These findings are relevant to studies modeling active muscle mechanics