Sedative Effect of Centranthus Longiflorus Ssp Longiflorus in Rats and the Influence of Adrenalectomy on Its Effect

Sedative effect of the aqueous extract of Centranthus longiflorus ssp. longiflorus (Cle-1) on intact and adrenalectomized rats was investigated using a thiopental sleeping test to clarify the relationship of this effect on adrenal gland hormones, particularly glucocorticoids. Adrenal gland hormones were found to play an important role in inhibiting the sedative effect of the investigated drugs. It is clear, however, that these hormones are not glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids were not responsible for shortening the sleep period.WoSScopu

Isolation And Structure Elucidation Of Uncommon Secondary Metabolites From Cistus Salviifolius L.

To our knowledge this is the first report on the isolation of a flavonoid glycoside: quercetin 3-O-alpha-arabinopyranoside (5), two phenylbutanon glycosides: 4-(4'-O-[6''-O-galloyl-beta-galactopyranosyl]-3'-hydroxyphenyl)-butan-2-on (8), 4-(3'-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-butan-2-on (9), one phloroglucinol glycoside: 1-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzene (10) and a steroid glycoside: sitosterol-3-O-(6''-O-butanoyl)-beta-galactopyranoside (14) from the Cistus species (Cistaceae). Additional to these compounds three flavonol aglycones: kaempferol (1), quercetin (2), myricetin (3); three flavonoid glycosides; kaempferol 3-O-beta-(6''-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (4), quercetin 3-O-beta-galactopyranoside (6), myricetin 3-O-beta-galactopyranoside (7); one phloroglucinol glycoside: 1-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzene (11); one steroid aglycone: beta-sitosterol (12); one steroid glycoside: Sitosterol-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside (13) were isolated from the aerial parts of the Cistus salviifolius L.. Their structures were identified using spectral methods (UV, IR, 1D- and 2D-NMR, and ESI-MS).Wo

Phenylpropanoids, Sesquiterpenoids And Flavonoids From Pimpinella Tragium Vill. Subsp Lithophila (Schischkin) Tutin

A new sesquiterpenoid named germacradiene-6-O-(6'-O-acetyl)-beta-D-glucoside (1) and a new flavonol glycoside named rhamnetin-3-O-(2 ''-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (2), along with three known sesquiterpenoids dictamnol (3), radicol (4), germacradiene glucoside (5); three phenylpropanoids 4-methoxy-2-(3-methyloxiranyl)-phenyl 2-methylbutanoate (6), 4-methoxy-2-(3-methyloxiranyl)-phenyl angelate (7), thellungianin E (8); and a flavonol glycoside platanoside (9) were isolated from the aerial parts of Pimpinella tragium Vill. subsp. lithophila (Schischkin) Tutin. Their structures were elucidated by detailed analyses of 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR and HR-ESI-MS data.Wo

Hplc Fingerprinting Of Sennosides In Laxative Drugs With Isolation Of Standard Substances From Some Senna Leaves

Senna leaves are one of the oldest medicinal herbs and they are used as laxative. Herbal teas which contain senna leaves are most commonly used to promote weight loss. The quality control of slimming teas which contain Senna leaves and also pharmaceutical preparations including Senna extract enriched by sennoside B was achieved by HPLC fingerprinting method. While the presence of sennoside A and B in laxative drugs was proved, it was seen to be devoid of sennosides in slimming teas. Kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-gentiobioside ( 1), aloe-emodine 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside ( 2), rhein 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside ( 3), torachrysone 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside ( 4), isorhamnetine 3-O-beta-D-gentiobioside ( 5) were also isolated from Senna leaves.Wo

Adulteration Determining Of Pharmaceutical Forms Of Ginkgo Biloba Extracts From Different International Manufacturers

In this study, Ginkgo biloba products used for the same purpose, but licensed to varying authorities were analyzed in point of similarity to each other. A group of these products were licensed from health authorities as herbal medicinal product (HMP), while the other groups of products were licensed as the food supplement (FS). The evaluation of their phytoequivalence was carried out comparing the chromatographic fingerprint profiles. Furthermore, ginkgolides (ginkgolides GA, GB, GC, and GJ) and flavonoid aglycones (quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin) were quantitatively analyzed by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and HPLC-diode Array detector (HPLC-DAD) assays. All six herbal medicinal products and two food supplements were found to be phytoequivalent to each other, but five of the seven food supplements did not possess similar content as herbal medicinal products, and the quantity of ginkgolides and flavonoid aglycones per tablet/capsule was found to be lower than declared on the labels. In addition, food supplements were found to be adultered with rutin to reach expected total flavonoid glycosides amount.Wo

Cholinesterase Inhibition And Molecular Docking Studies Of Sesquiterpene Coumarin Ethers From Heptaptera Cilicica

Five sesquiterpene coumarin ethers: umbelliprenin, umbelliprenin-10', 11'-monoepoxide, conferone, mogoltacin and feselol were isolated from the fruits of Heptaptera cilicica. Their structures were identified by means of spectroscopic methods. AChE and BuChE inhibitory activities of the compounds were determined by molecular docking method which were confirmed by in vitro experiments. According to molecular docking results, total score of feselol and umbelliprenin were 5.69 and 3.23 kcal/mol against acetylcholinesterase, respectively. Total score for butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory effect of them were 2.76 and 4.99 kcal/mol, respectively. Feselol and umbelliprenin exhibited significantly high inhibitory potency against acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 1.26 +/- 0.01 and 5.86 +/- 0.03 mu M, respectively) and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 9.98 +/- 0.24 and 1.10 +/- 0.19 mu M, respectively). This is the first report of isolation of natural bioactives obtained from the chloroform extract of Heptaptera cilicica fruits with anticholinesterase activity.WoSScopu

Anti-inflammatory effects of different extracts from three Salvia species

Salvia L. species have been used for the treatment of various inflammatory ailments in traditional medicine. In order to evaluate this ethnobotanical information, water, methanol, n-butanol, acetone, and chloroform extracts from 3 Salvia species (S. fruticosa, S. verticillata, and S. trichoclada) were screened for their anti-inflammatory activity using in vivo experimental models in rats. For this purpose a carrageenan-induced inflammatory paw edema model was used. All extracts demonstrated anti-inflammatory activities; however, n-butanol extract of Salvia fruticosa (syn. S. triloba), which is known as Turkish sage, was found to be the most active. It can be expected that the active flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids may be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of these plants

In Vitro Effects Of Rosmarinic Acid On Glutathione Reductase And Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Context: Glutathione reductase (GR, NADPH:oxidized glutathione oxidoreductase, E. C 1.6.4.2) is a flavoprotein that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). GR is a crucial enzyme in the antioxidant system by maintaining reduced glutathione (GSH). Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, glucose 6-phosphate (G6P):NADP(+) oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.49) is the key regulatory enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway and maintains NADPH for reductive reactions. Objective: Rosmarinic acid (RA; alpha alpha-O-caffeoyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid) is an ester of caffeic acid (CA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid. It has a number of interesting biological activities. The inhibiting activities of the RA on GR and G6PD are investigated here for the first time. Materials and methods: GR and G6PD were purified from tissues, then the effects of RA are investigated. Results: This study reports that RA, which was isolated from Echium vulgare L. (Boraginaceae), inhibits purified GR and G6PD in a concentration-dependent manner. Kinetic characterizations and inhibition constants are investigated. Discussion and conclusion: Because of their importance in the antioxidative defense system, investigation of the inhibitors of these enzymes is important for drug development.WoSScopu