New geometries for high spatial resolution hall probes

The Hall response function of symmetric and asymmetric planar Hall effect devices is investigated by scanning a magnetized tip above a sensor surface while simultaneously recording the topography and the Hall voltage. Hall sensor geometries are tailored using a Focused Ion Beam, in standard symmetric and new asymmetric geometries. With this technique we are able to reduce a single voltage probe to a narrow constriction 20 times smaller than the other device dimensions. We show that the response function is peaked above the constriction, in agreement with numerical simulations. The results suggest a new way to pattern Hall sensors for enhanced spatial resolution.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Journal of Applied Physic

Stability of 3D Cubic Fixed Point in Two-Coupling-Constant \phi^4-Theory

For an anisotropic euclidean $\phi^4$-theory with two interactions [u (\sum_{i=1^M {\phi}_i^2)^2+v \sum_{i=1}^M \phi_i^4] the $\beta$-functions are calculated from five-loop perturbation expansions in $d=4-\varepsilon$ dimensions, using the knowledge of the large-order behavior and Borel transformations. For $\varepsilon=1$, an infrared stable cubic fixed point for $M \geq 3$ is found, implying that the critical exponents in the magnetic phase transition of real crystals are of the cubic universality class. There were previous indications of the stability based either on lower-loop expansions or on less reliable Pad\'{e approximations, but only the evidence presented in this work seems to be sufficently convincing to draw this conclusion.Comment: Author Information under http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/institution.html . Paper also at http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/kleiner_re250/preprint.htm

Decoupling Transformations in Path Integral Bosonization

We construct transformations that decouple fermionic fields in interaction with a gauge field, in the path integral representation of the generating functional. Those transformations express the original fermionic fields in terms of non-interacting ones, through non-local functionals depending on the gauge field. This procedure, holding true in any number of spacetime dimensions both in the Abelian and non-Abelian cases, is then applied to the path integral bosonization of the Thirring model in 3 dimensions. Knowledge of the decoupling transformations allows us, contrarily to previous bosonizations, to obtain the bosonization with an explicit expression of the fermion fields in terms of bosonic ones and free fermionic fields. We also explain the relation between our technique, in the two dimensional case, and the usual decoupling in 2 dimensions.Comment: 22 pages, Late

Bolidomonas: a new genus with two species belonging to a new algal class, the Bolidophyceae (Heterokonta) 1.

International audienceA new algal class, the Bolidophyceae (Heterokonta), is described from one genus, Bolidomonas, gen, nov., and two species, Bolidomonas pacifica, sp, nov and Bolidomonas mediterranea, sp, nov., isolated from the equatorial Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, respectively. Both species are approximately 1.2 mu m in diameter and have two unequal flagella; the longer flagellum bears tubular hairs, whereas the shorter is smooth. The flagellar basal apparatus is restricted to two basal bodies, and there is no transitional helix. Cells are naked, devoid of walls or siliceous structures. The internal cellular organization is simple with a single plastid containing a ring genophore and a girdle lamella, one mitochondrion with tubular cristae, and one Golgi apparatus close to the basal bodies. The Mediterranean and the Pacific species differ in the insertion angle between their flagella and their pattern of swimming, these differences possibly being linked to each other. Analyses of the SSU rDNA gene place the two strains as a sister group to the diatoms, Moreover, pigment analyses confirm this position, as fucoxanthin is found as the major carotenoid in both lineages. These data strongly suggest that the ancestral heterokont that gave rise to the diatom lineage was probably a biflagellated unicell

Critical Exponents of the pure and random-field Ising models

We show that current estimates of the critical exponents of the three-dimensional random-field Ising model are in agreement with the exponents of the pure Ising system in dimension 3 - theta where theta is the exponent that governs the hyperscaling violation in the random case.Comment: 9 pages, 4 encapsulated Postscript figures, REVTeX 3.

Paleoearthquake history of the Spili fault

Η παλαιοσεισμική δραστηριότητα στο ρήγμα του Σπηλίου μελετήθηκε χρησιμοποιώντας μία πρωτοποριακή μέθοδο που συνδιάζει μετρήσεις Σπανίων Γαιών (REE) και κοσμογενών ισοτόπων 36Cl πάνω στην σεισμικά αποκαλυμμένη επιφάνεια του ρήγματος. Η ανάλυση των δεδομένων δείχνει ότι το ρήγμα είναι ενεργό και έχει φιλοξενήσει τουλάχιστον 5 μεγάλου-μεγέθους σεισμούς τα τελευταία 16500 χρόνια. Οι δύο πιο πρόσφατοι σεισμοί έλαβαν χώρα κατά την περίοδο 100-900 ετών πρίν από σήμερα και άθροισαν συνολικά 3.5 μέτρα σεισμικής μετατόπισης. Η χρονολογία των παλαιότερων 3 σεισμών προσδιορίσθηκε στα 7300, 16300 και 16500 χρόνια πριν από σήμερα με σεισμικές ολισθήσεις 2.5, 1.2 και 1.8 μέτρα, αντίστοιχα. Από το μέγεθος των σεισμικών ολισθήσεων συμπεραίνουμε ότι το μέγεθος των σεισμών που προκλήθηκαν από το ρήγμα του Σπηλίου κυμάνθηκε από Μ 6.3-7.3 ενώ ο μέσος ρυθμός επανάληψης τους ήταν ~4200 χρόνια. Τα παραπάνω δεδομένα αποκαλύπτουν ότι το ρήγμα του Σπηλίου είναι ένα από τα πιο ενεργά ρήγματα στην Κρήτη και οι σεισμικές παράμετροί που σχετίζονται με την δραστηριότητά του πρέπει να συμπεριληφθούν στο μοντέλο σεισμικής επικινδυνότητας της Ελλάδας.The paleoearthquake activity on the Spili Fault is examined using a novel methodology that combines measurements of Rare Earth Elements (REE) and of in situ cosmogenic 36Cl on the exhumed fault scarp. Data show that the Spili Fault is active and has generated a minimum of five large-magnitude earthquakes over the last ~16500 years. The timing and, to a lesser degree, the slip-size of the identified paleoearthquakes was highly variable. Specifically, the two most recent events occurred between 100 and 900 years BP producing a cumulative displacement of 3.5 meters. The timing of the three older paleoearthquakes is constraint at 7300, 16300 and 16500 years BP with slip sizes of 2.5, 1.2 and 1.8 meters, respectively. The magnitude of the earthquakes that produced the measured co-seismic displacements, ranges from M 6.3-7.3 while the average earthquake recurrence interval on the Spili Fault is about 4200 years. The above data suggest that the Spili is among the most active faults on Crete and its earthquake parameters may be incorporated into the National Seismic Hazard Model

New approach to Borel summation of divergent series and critical exponent estimates for an N-vector cubic model in three dimensions from five-loop \epsilon expansions

A new approach to summation of divergent field-theoretical series is suggested. It is based on the Borel transformation combined with a conformal mapping and does not imply the exact asymptotic parameters to be known. The method is tested on functions expanded in their asymptotic power series. It is applied to estimating the critical exponent values for an N-vector field model, describing magnetic and structural phase transitions in cubic and tetragonal crystals, from five-loop \epsilon expansions.Comment: 9 pages, LaTeX, 3 PostScript figure