Bakuchiol: następca retinolu

Wrinkles and discolorations are visible effect of skin photoaging, whose mechanisms were discussed in this paper. Retinol, compound known in dermatology were used to treat acne, was used in topical application to prevent skin aging effects. Huge disadvantage of retinol therapy are its side effects including sun induced skin irritation. Search for replacement for retinol has brought bakuchiol, meroterpene acquired from Psolarea corylifolia. Bakuchiol, besides discussed in paper mechanism typical for retinoids, has antioxidant properties, which are additional mechanism of action against photoaging effects. This paper compares properties of bakuchiol and retinol as compounds used topically in cosmetology.Zmarszczki i przebarwienia to widoczne skutki fotostarzenia skóry, którego mechanizmy omówiono pokrótce w poniżej pracy. Dotychczas do zwalczania jego skutków używano aplikowany miejscowo retinol, znany w dermatologii związek, stosowany z powodzeniem w leczeniu trądziku. Dużym minusem terapii retinolem są występujące skutki uboczne, m.in. podrażnienia wywołane ekspozycją skóry na światło słoneczne. Poszukiwania zamiennika retinolu o ograniczonych skutkach ubocznych przyniosły rezultat w postaci bakuchiolu, meroterpenu pozyskiwanego z Psolarea corylifolia. Bakuchiol, oprócz omówionych w pracy mechanizmów działania typowych dla retinoidów, przejawia właściwości antyoksydacyjne, co stanowi dodatkowy mechanizm walki ze skutkami fotostarzenia. Praca stanowi przegląd wiadomości i porównanie podstawowych właściwości retinolu i bakuchiolu jako związków stosowanych miejscowo na skórę w kosmetologii

Periprosthetic fractures after shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review

Purpose: The goal of this study was to review available literature on periprosthetic shoulder fractures to evaluate epidemiology, risk factors and support clinical decision-making regarding diagnostics, preoperative planning, and treatment options. Methods: Two authors cross-checked the PubMed and Web of Science medical databases. The inclusion criteria were as follows: original human studies published in English, with the timeframe not limited, and the following keywords were used: ‘periprosthetic shoulder fracture,’ ‘total shoulder arthroplasty periprosthetic fractures,’ ‘total shoulder arthroplasty fracture,’ and ‘total shoulder replacement periprosthetic fracture.’ Seventy articles were included in the review. All articles were retrieved using the aforementioned criteria. Results: The fracture rate associated with total shoulder arthroplasty varied between 0 and 47.6%. Risk factors for periprosthetic fractures were female gender, body mass index < 25 kg/m2, smoking, rheumatoid arthritis, and Parkinson’s disease. The most commonly used classification is the Wright and Coefield classification. Periprosthetic fractures can be treated both, conservatively and operatively. Conclusion: Periprosthetic fracture frequency after shoulder arthroplasty ranges from 0 to 47.6%. The most common location of the fracture is the humerus and most commonly occurs intraoperatively. The most important factor influencing treatment is stem stability. Fractures with stem instability require revision arthroplasty with stem replacement. Fractures with a stable stem depending on the location, displacement and bone stock quality can be treated both conservatively and operatively. For internal fixation plates with cables and screws are most commonly used