6,903 research outputs found
Neutron and spin--orbit splittings in Ca, S, and Si isotones: tensor--induced and pure spin--orbit effects
Neutron and spin--orbit splittings were recently measured in the
isotones S and Si by transfer reactions. Values were
reported by using the major fragments of the states. An important reduction of
the splitting was observed, from S to Si, associated to a
strong modification of the spin--orbit potential in the central region of the
nucleus Si. We analyze and neutron spin--orbit splittings in
the isotones Ca, S, and Si. We employ several
Skyrme and Gogny interactions, to reliably isolate pure spin--orbit and
tensor--induced contributions, within the mean--field approximation. We use
interactions (i) without the tensor force; (ii) with the tensor force and with
tensor parameters adjusted on top of existing parametrizations; (iii) with the
tensor force and with tensor and spin--orbit parameters adjusted simultaneously
on top of existing parametrizations. We predict in cases (ii) and (iii) a non
negligible reduction of both and splittings, associated to
neutron--proton tensor effects, from Ca to S. The two splittings
are further decreased for the three types of interactions, going from S
to Si. This reduction is produced by the spin--orbit force and is not
affected by tensor--induced contributions. For both reductions, from Ca
to S and from S to Si, we predict in all cases that the
modification is more pronounced for than for splittings. The
measurement of the centroids for neutron and states in the nuclei
S and Si would be interesting to validate this prediction
experimentally. We show the importance of using interactions of type (iii),
because they provide and splittings in the nucleus Ca which are
in agreement with the corresponding experimental values
Extended RPA within a solvable 3 level model
Working within an exactly solvable 3 level model, we discuss am extension of
the
Random Phase Approximation (RPA) based on a boson formalism. A boson
Hamiltonian is defined via a mapping procedure and its expansion truncated at
four-boson terms. RPA-type equations are then constructed and solved
iteratively. The new solutions gain in stability with respect to the RPA ones.
We perform diagonalizations of the boson Hamiltonian in spaces containing up to
four-phonon components. Approximate spectra exhibit an improved quality with
increasing the size of these multiphonon spaces. Special attention is addressed
to the problem of the anharmonicity of the spectrum.Comment: 5 figure
The Sphaleron in a Magnetic Field and Electroweak Baryogenesis
The presence of a primordial magnetic field in the early universe affects the
dynamic of the electroweak phase transition enhancing its strength. This effect
may enlarge the window for electroweak baryogenesis in the minimal
supersymmetric extension of the standard model or even resurrect the
electroweak baryogenesis scenario in the standard model. We compute the
sphaleron energy in the background of the magnetic field and show that, due to
the sphaleron dipole moment, the barrier between topologically inequivalent
vacua is lowered. Therefore, the preservation of the baryon asymmetry calls for
a much stronger phase transition than required in the absence of a magnetic
field. We show that this effect overwhelms the gain in the phase transition
strength, and conclude that magnetic fields do not help electroweak
baryogenesis.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Subtraction method in the second random--phase approximation: first applications with a Skyrme energy functional
We make use of a subtraction procedure, introduced to overcome
double--counting problems in beyond--mean--field theories, in the second
random--phase--approximation (SRPA) for the first time. This procedure
guarantees the stability of SRPA (so that all excitation energies are real). We
show that the method fits perfectly into nuclear density--functional theory. We
illustrate applications to the monopole and quadrupole response and to
low--lying and states in the nucleus O. We show that the
subtraction procedure leads to: (i) results that are weakly cutoff dependent;
(ii) a considerable reduction of the SRPA downwards shift with respect to the
random--phase approximation (RPA) spectra (systematically found in all previous
applications). This implementation of the SRPA model will allow a reliable
analysis of the effects of 2 particle--2 hole configurations () on the
excitation spectra of medium--mass and heavy nuclei.Comment: 1 tex, 16 figure
A Lee-Yang--inspired functional with a density--dependent neutron-neutron scattering length
Inspired by the low--density Lee-Yang expansion for the energy of a dilute
Fermi gas of density and momentum , we introduce here a
Skyrme--type functional that contains only -wave terms and provides, at the
mean--field level, (i) a satisfactory equation of state for neutron matter from
extremely low densities up to densities close to the equilibrium point, and
(ii) a good--quality equation of state for symmetric matter at density scales
around the saturation point. This is achieved by using a density--dependent
neutron-neutron scattering length ) which satisfies the low--density
limit (for Fermi momenta going to zero) and has a density dependence tuned in
such a way that the low--density constraint is satisfied
at all density scales.Comment: 5 figure
From dilute matter to the equilibrium point in the energy--density--functional theory
Due to the large value of the scattering length in nuclear systems, standard
density--functional theories based on effective interactions usually fail to
reproduce the nuclear Fermi liquid behavior both at very low densities and
close to equilibrium. Guided on one side by the success of the Skyrme density
functional and, on the other side, by resummation techniques used in Effective
Field Theories for systems with large scattering lengths, a new energy--density
functional is proposed. This functional, adjusted on microscopic calculations,
reproduces the nuclear equations of state of neutron and symmetric matter at
various densities. Furthermore, it provides reasonable saturation properties as
well as an appropriate density dependence for the symmetry energy.Comment: 4 figures, 2 table
Pair-transfer probability in open- and closed-shell Sn isotopes
Approximations made to estimate two-nucleon transfer probabilities in
ground-state to ground-state transitions and physical interpretation of these
probabilities are discussed. Probabilities are often calculated by
approximating both ground states, of the initial nucleus A and of the final
nucleus A\pm 2 by the same quasiparticle vacuum. We analyze two improvements of
this approach. First, the effect of using two different ground states with
average numbers of particles A and A\pm2 is quantified. Second, by using
projection techniques, the role of particle number restoration is analyzed. Our
analysis shows that the improved treatment plays a role close to magicity,
leading to an enhancement of the pair-transfer probability. In mid-shell
regions, part of the error made by approximating the initial and final ground
states by a single vacuum is compensated by projecting onto good particle
number. Surface effects are analyzed by using pairing interactions with a
different volume-to-surface mixing. Finally, a simple expression of the
pair-transfer probability is given in terms of occupation probabilities in the
canonical basis. We show that, in the canonical basis formulation, surface
effects which are visible in the transfer probability are related to the
fragmentation of single-particle occupancies close to the Fermi energy. This
provides a complementary interpretation with respect to the standard
quasiparticle representation where surface effects are generated by the
integrated radial profiles of the contributing wave functions.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure
Diffuse cosmic rays shining in the Galactic center: A novel interpretation of H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray data
We present a novel interpretation of the -ray diffuse emission
measured by Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. in the Galactic center (GC) region and the
Galactic ridge (GR). In the first part we perform a data-driven analysis based
on PASS8 Fermi-LAT data: we extend down to few GeV the spectra measured by
H.E.S.S. and infer the primary cosmic-ray (CR) radial distribution between 0.1
and 3 TeV. In the second part we adopt a CR transport model based on a
position-dependent diffusion coefficient. Such behavior reproduces the radial
dependence of the CR spectral index recently inferred from the Fermi-LAT
observations. We find that the bulk of the GR emission can be naturally
explained by the interaction of the diffuse steady-state Galactic CR sea with
the gas present in the Central Molecular Zone. Although our results leave room
for a residual radial-dependent emission associated with a central source, the
relevance of the large-scale background prevents from a solid evidence of a GC
Pevatron.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
Letter
Treatment of pairing correlations in nuclei close to drip lines
We discuss the HFB equations in coordinate representation,a suitable method
for handling the full effects of the continuous quasiparticle spectrum. We show
how the continuum HFB equations can be solved with the correct asymptotic
conditions instead of the discretization conditions which are commonly used in
the literature. The continuum HFB method is illustrated with a model where the
mean field and pairing field have simple forms. The relationship with the
continuum Hartree-Fock-BCS (HF-BCS) approximation is also discussed. Realistic
HFB and HF-BCS calculations based on Skyrme interactions are compared for the
case of a neutron-rich nucleus.Comment: 12 pages, 4 Postscript figures, uses KapProc.cls, to appear in
Proceedings of NATO School " Nuclei far from stability and astrophysics",
Predeal, Romania, 200
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