Створення та діяльність Об’єднаної соціал-демократичної партії України (1990–1993)

Досліджено історію створення, становлення та основні етапи діяльності однієї з перших соціал-демократичних структур, що з’явилися в Україні в перші роки незалежності – Об’єднаної соціал-демократичної партії України (ОСДПУ). Незважаючи на високий авторитет соціал-демократичної ідеології у світі, її популярність у більшості європейських держав, відзначається незначний інтерес вітчизняних істориків до вивчення соціал-демократичного руху України загалом й ОСДПУ зокрема. Акцентується увага на здатності українських есдеків знаходити порозуміння задля досягнення своїх головних цілей.Исследована история создания, становления и основные этапы деятельности одной из первых социал-демократических структур, что возникли в Украине в первые годы независимости – Объединенной социал-демократической партии Украины (ОСДПУ). Несмотря на высокий авторитет социал-демократической идеологии в мире, еѐ популярность в большинстве ведущих европейских государств, отмечается незначительный интерес отечественных историков к изучению социал-демократического движения Украины в целом и ОСДПУ в отдельности. Акцентируется внимание на способности украинских эсдэков находить взаимопонимание во имя достижения своих главных целей.Investigated the history of creation, establishment and main stages of activity one of the first social democratic structures that appeared in Ukraine in the first years of independence – the United Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (USDPU). Despite the high authority of social democratic ideology in the world, its popularity in most European countries, there is little interest in native historians to study the social democratic movement in Ukraine in general and in particular USDPU. Affluent society, largely, associated with social democracy the economic prosperity, political and social stability, equality and mutual respect between people, the activity of integration processes and their progress. Social Democracy is the ideology of the people of wage labor, which is majority in any state. The main values of any progressive society are the ideals of freedom, justice and solidarity. Therefore, it is quite important to observe the experience of activity of Ukrainian and European Social Democrats. It is an urgent need for Ukraine to reform the system of government, strengthening civil society and joining Euro Atlantic community. In addition, the experience of Social Democrats would be very useful. In the same time, for modern local historians, it would be important to understand why the Social Democratic party of Ukraine is not influential political force in the country. Perhaps the answer for this question is lying on the first steps of unsuccessful party building? It is a challenge for Ukrainian politicians to find the compromises. Therefore, special attention focused on the ability of Ukrainian social democrats in 1992–1993 to find the understanding to reach the main goals

Ecological genomics of adaptation to unpredictability in experimental rotifer populations

Elucidating the genetic basis of phenotypic variation in response to different environments is key to understanding how populations evolve. Facultatively sexual rotifers can develop adaptive responses to fluctuating environments. In a previous evolution experiment, diapause-related traits changed rapidly in response to two selective regimes (predictable vs unpredictable) in laboratory populations of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Here, we investigate the genomic basis of adaptation to environmental unpredictability in these experimental populations. We identified and genotyped genome-wide polymorphisms in 169 clones from both selective regimes after seven cycles of selection using genotyping by sequencing (GBS). Additionally, we used GBS data from the 270 field clones from which the laboratory populations were established. This GBS dataset was used to identify candidate SNPs under selection. A total of 76 SNPs showed divergent selection, three of which are candidates for being under selection in the particular unpredictable fluctuation pattern studied. Most of the remaining SNPs showed strong signals of adaptation to laboratory conditions. Furthermore, a genotype-phenotype association approach revealed five SNPs associated with two key life-history traits in the adaptation to unpredictability. Our results contribute to elucidating the genomic basis for adaptation to unpredictable environments and lay the groundwork for future evolution studies in rotifers

Genomic signatures of local adaptation to the degree of environmental predictability in rotifers

Environmental fuctuations are ubiquitous and thus essential for the study of adaptation. Despitethis, genome evolution in response to environmental fuctuations —and more specifcally to thedegree of environmental predictability– is still unknown. Saline lakes in the Mediterranean regionare remarkably diverse in their ecological conditions, which can lead to divergent local adaptationpatterns in the inhabiting aquatic organisms. The facultatively sexual rotifer Brachionus plicatilis showsdiverging local adaptation in its life-history traits in relation to estimated environmental predictabilityin its habitats. Here, we used an integrative approach —combining environmental, phenotypic andgenomic data for the same populations– to understand the genomic basis of this diverging adaptation.Firstly, a novel draft genome for B. plicatilis was assembled. Then, genome-wide polymorphisms werestudied using genotyping by sequencing on 270 clones from nine populations in eastern Spain. As aresult, 4,543 high-quality SNPs were identifed and genotyped. More than 90 SNPs were found tobe putatively under selection with signatures of diversifying and balancing selection. Over 140 SNPswere correlated with environmental or phenotypic variables revealing signatures of local adaptation,including environmental predictability. Putative functions were associated to most of these SNPs, sincethey were located within annotated genes. Our results reveal associations between genomic variationand the degree of environmental predictability, providing genomic evidence of adaptation to localconditions in natural rotifer populations