Endolithic and hypolithic soil-like systems: structure and composition from the macroto submicro-levels

The paper presents a detailed study on structure and composition of endolithic and hypolithic systems. The following issues are discussed: morphology at macro to submicro levels, biochemical weathering, formation of carbonates and oxalates in situ, migration of Fe compounds, and spatial patterns of endolithic systems. Endolithic and hypolithic systems have major features attributed to soils: (a) rock layer exposed to external abiogenic factors, (b) lithomatrix inhabited by living organisms which are synthesizing and decomposing organic matter, (c) as a result initial parent rock (lithomatrix) is transformed in situ by biogenic and abiogenic factors, the products of transformation are retained and/or removed, the vertical heterogenity is established in a form of microhorizons composing microprofile. Examined profiles of endolithic systems in granitoids of East Antarctica with high quartz content had clear eluvial-illuvial differentiation patterns. Similar patterns have been discovered in different landscapes from the Plateau Ozark in Missouri to the Table Mountain in South Africa

Wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of recombinant human angiogenin

New effective wound healing agents are a priority for modern clinical pharmacology. A promising approach would be to develop medicinal products that promote angiogenesis, which is a critical step in wound healing. The aim of the study was to evaluate the wound healing effect of a medicinal product based on recombinant human angiogenin in gel form in various experimental models. Materials and methods: white outbred male rats were used as experimental ani mals. The study compared healing effects of a regenerating product containing recombinant human angiogenin (0.0025%) in gel form and a reference product in full-thickness excision, incision, and burn wound models. The healing effect of the test product in treating chronic wounds was assessed in a model of alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. The anti-inflammatory effect of the test product containing recombinant human angiogenin was compared with that of another reference product in a model of adjuvant-induced arthritis. Results: according to the study, the test product based on recombinant human angiogenin exerts higher wound healing effect in treating excision, incision, and burn wounds than the reference product (Solcoseryl gel). Being applied, the test product intensifies tissue repair in chronic wounds in the model of alloxan-induced diabetes. The dissociation of necrotic tissues and the progression towards epithelialisation at wound edges are more rapid. The anti-inflammatory effect of the test product based on recombinant human angiogenin is comparable with that of the reference product (Diclofenac gel). Conclusions: the test product based on recombinant human angiogenin in gel form was found to have pronounced wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects comparable with those of reference products

Ранозаживляющее и противовоспалительное действие рекомбинантного ангиогенина человека

New effective wound healing agents are a priority for modern clinical pharmacology. A promising approach would be to develop medicinal products that promote angiogenesis, which is a critical step in wound healing. The aim of the study was to evaluate the wound healing effect of a medicinal product based on recombinant human angiogenin in gel form in various experimental models. Materials and methods: white outbred male rats were used as experimental ani mals. The study compared healing effects of a regenerating product containing recombinant human angiogenin (0.0025%) in gel form and a reference product in full-thickness excision, incision, and burn wound models. The healing effect of the test product in treating chronic wounds was assessed in a model of alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. The anti-inflammatory effect of the test product containing recombinant human angiogenin was compared with that of another reference product in a model of adjuvant-induced arthritis. Results: according to the study, the test product based on recombinant human angiogenin exerts higher wound healing effect in treating excision, incision, and burn wounds than the reference product (Solcoseryl gel). Being applied, the test product intensifies tissue repair in chronic wounds in the model of alloxan-induced diabetes. The dissociation of necrotic tissues and the progression towards epithelialisation at wound edges are more rapid. The anti-inflammatory effect of the test product based on recombinant human angiogenin is comparable with that of the reference product (Diclofenac gel). Conclusions: the test product based on recombinant human angiogenin in gel form was found to have pronounced wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects comparable with those of reference products.Создание новых эффективных ранозаживляющих средств является актуальной задачей современной клинической фармакологии. Одним из перспективных направлений представляется разработка препаратов для стимуляции ангиогенеза, который является критическим этапом процесса заживления ран. Цель работы: оценить ранозаживляющее действие препарата на основе рекомбинантного ангиогенина человека в виде геля на различных экспериментальных моделях. Материалы и методы: в качестве экспериментальных животных использовали белых беспородных крыс-самцов. Исследовано ранозаживляющее действие препарата на основе рекомбинантного ангиогенина человека (0,0025%) в виде геля относительно препарата сравнения на моделях плоскостной кожно-мышечной, линейной и ожоговой раны. Ранозаживляющее действие исследуемого препарата при лечении длительно незаживающей раны охарактеризовано на модели аллоксанового сахарного диабета. На модели адъювантного артрита оценено противовоспалительное действие препарата на основе рекомбинантного ангиогенина человека относительно препарата сравнения. Результаты: установлена более высокая ранозаживляющая активность препарата на основе рекомбинантного ангиогенина человека относительно препарата сравнения (гель Солкосерил) для плоскостной кожно-мышечной раны, линейной и ожоговой ран. При применении исследуемого препарата ускоряется процесс репарации тканей при лечении длительно незаживающей раны на модели аллоксанового сахарного диабета. Отмечено более быстрое расплавление некротических масс и переход к эпителизации краев раны. Установлена противовоспалительная активность препарата на основе рекомбинантного ангиогенина человека, по эффективности сравнимая с действием препарата сравнения (гель Диклофенак). Выводы: определено наличие у препарата на основе рекомбинантного ангиогенина человека в виде геля выраженных ранозаживляющих и противовоспалительных свойств, сопоставимых с препаратами сравнения

Dynamics of carbon pools in post-agrogenic sandy soils of southern taiga of Russia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Until recently, a lot of arable lands were abandoned in many countries of the world and, especially, in Russia, where about half a million square kilometers of arable lands were abandoned in 1961-2007. The soils at these fallows undergo a process of natural restoration (or self-restoration) that changes the balance of soil organic matter (SOM) supply and mineralization.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A soil chronosequence study, covering the ecosystems of 3, 20, 55, 100, and 170 years of self-restoration in southern taiga zone, shows that soil organic content of mineral horizons remains relatively stable during the self-restoration. This does not imply, however, that SOM pools remain steady. The C/N ratio of active SOM reached steady state after 55 years, and increased doubly (from 12.5 - 15.6 to 32.2-33.8). As to the C/N ratio of passive SOM, it has been continuously increasing (from 11.8-12.7 to 19.0-22.8) over the 170 years, and did not reach a steady condition.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results of the study imply that soil recovery at the abandoned arable sandy lands of taiga is incredibly slow process. Not only soil morphological features of a former ploughing remained detectable but also the balance of soil organic matter input and mineralization remained unsteady after 170 years of self-restoration.</p