Qualidade de vida das pessoas com diabetes mellitus

Objective: To analyze the quality of life of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the three levels of the healthcare system. Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out in primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare units with individuals in outpatient care. The validated Diabetes-39 instrument was used to evaluate quality of life. Results: The sample consisted of 53 people. There was a decreasing tendency in the quality of life impairment from the primary to the tertiary care levels. In the total sample, there were differences between domains of quality of life with the variables gender, insulin use and occupation, greater perception of quality of life impairment and disease severity in people with higher rates of glycated hemoglobin. Conclusion: Quality of life tends to worse as the disease worsens. The results suggest that quality of life is related to sociodemographic and clinical variables, therefore, these should be considered in the care

Results of interventions for the care of diabetes mellitus with focus on social support: a longitudinal study

O diabetes mellitus é uma doença crônica não transmissível que impõe à pessoa mudanças comportamentais para o cuidado e controle da doença, as quais podem ser influenciadas pelo conhecimento, pelas crenças, atitudes, habilidades, pela motivação e pelo apoio social. Mediante esse contexto, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar os resultados de intervenções educativas, a longo prazo, a partir dos resultados de um ensaio clínico que o antecedeu, denominado estudo clínico primário. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, longitudinal, de base populacional e desenvolvido em ambulatório de diabetes de um hospital de nível de atenção terciária, em uma população de 116 pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2, no período de janeiro a novembro de 2015. As intervenções educativas abordaram informações sobre a doença e atividades de autocuidado necessárias para o tratamento, por meio de ferramentas visuais e interativas, fundamentadas na Teoria Social Cognitiva, cujo conceito-chave é a crença pessoal sobre a capacidade de executar determinadas tarefas (autoeficácia). No estudo clínico primário, todos os sujeitos participaram das intervenções educativas, e o grupo intervenção se diferenciou pelas intervenções oferecidas ao familiar, por meio de ligações telefônicas, de modo a promover o diálogo sobre os cuidados com a doença. Destaca-se que o familiar foi indicado pelo paciente, como apoio social para o cuidado à doença. A amostra foi caracterizada pelas variáveis sociodemográficas e hábitos de vida, e, nas análises de interesse, incluíram-se variáveis clínicas, o controle glicêmico, as atividades de autocuidado, o conhecimento da doença e a autoeficácia. Os tempos do estudo foram: basal (T0), final das intervenções (T12) e 24 meses após a finalização (T36). O controle glicêmico foi avaliado a cada seis meses (T0, T6, T12, T18, T24, T30 e T36). A comparação entre os grupos controle e intervenção foi por meio do teste de regressão linear de efeitos mistos e ANOVA para medidas repetidas. Os resultados não mostraram diferença entre os grupos (p>0,05) para as variáveis estudadas (pressão arterial, circunferência abdominal, índice de massa corporal, hemoglobina glicada, glicemia plasmática de jejum, atividades de autocuidado, conhecimento sobre a doença e autoeficácia). No entanto, ao comparar os tempos, observaram-se a redução da pressão arterial e da hemoglobina glicada (p 0.05) for the variables that were studied (blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, self-care activities, knowledge about the disease and self-efficacy). However, when comparing the times, it was possible to observe reduction in blood pressure and reduction of the glycated hemoglobin (p <0.05), increased body mass index and waist circumference (p <0.05) in both groups. The mean scores of knowledge and self-care activities increased immediately after the interventions (p <0.05) and decreased two years later in both groups of the study. The descriptive analysis showed that the average self-efficacy score remained in the intervention group, and reduced in control, after two years at the end of the interventions. The results showed that the model of interventions, which included the family social support, showed no difference between groups over time, and through descriptive analysis, there was improvement of the self-efficacy, which remained after two years in the intervention group. The group educational interventions shown to be effective in improving glycemic control and blood pressure two years after the intervention, and for the variables knowledge about the disease and self-care activities, the results suggest the need for educational reinforcements over tim

Adherence to diabetes mellitus care at three levels of health care

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate adherence to self-care among people with diabetes mellitus cared for at the three levels of health care. Method: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study addressing a sample of 143 people from a city in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil from primary (45), secondary (48) and tertiary (50) units. Adherence to self-care was assessed using the "The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Measure" and "Measurement of Treatment Adherence". Results: Adherence to exercises, blood glucose monitoring, shoe inspection, and the use of insulin differed between units; better results were obtained for those in tertiary care. Conclusion: The results indicate a need for greater investment in the initial phase of treatment to improve self-care adherence. Implications for practice: The study enabled identifying the profile of individuals in terms of self-care adherence and supporting the planning of nursing interventions in diabetes mellitus

Quality of life of people with diabetes mellitus

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the quality of life of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the three levels of the healthcare system. Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out in primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare units with individuals in outpatient care. The validated Diabetes-39 instrument was used to evaluate quality of life. Results: The sample consisted of 53 people. There was a decreasing tendency in the quality of life impairment from the primary to the tertiary care levels. In the total sample, there were differences between domains of quality of life with the variables gender, insulin use and occupation, greater perception of quality of life impairment and disease severity in people with higher rates of glycated hemoglobin. Conclusion: Quality of life tends to worse as the disease worsens. The results suggest that quality of life is related to sociodemographic and clinical variables, therefore, these should be considered in the care