ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM AOS FATORES DE RISCO PARA O TRAUMA MAMILAR CAUSADO NA AMAMENTAÇÃO

Introduction: Adequate breastfeeding reduces the rate of infection up to six months of age, and it is considered that the child is free from diseases, being observed that the introduction complemented by other foods is contraindicated since breastfeeding is the method of excellent nutrition for the baby, for its efficient contribution to health and for being considered the most sensitive, economical and effective method of intervention to reduce infant morbidity and mortality. Objective: To describe nurses' knowledge related to risk factors for nipple trauma caused by breastfeeding. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review, where a survey was carried out in the national literature, published between 2013 and 2018. Results: Nurses play an important role in welcoming pregnant women and postpartum women, as it is in this environment of cooperation that we realize the importance of nurses to direct their actions of competence, improving and mobilizing knowledge, demonstrating that breast milk is part of the life cycle of all women. Conclusion: The main risk factors for nipple trauma are: inadequate grip, stretch marks, fissure, nipple pain, absence of a partner, being primiparous, turgid and engorged breasts, semi-protruded and/or malformed, depigmented nipples, lack of complementary feeding mother, cesarean delivery and lack of prenatal guidance.Introducción: La lactancia materna adecuada reduce la tasa de infección hasta los seis meses de edad, y se considera que el niño está libre de enfermedades, observándose que la introducción complementada con otros alimentos está contraindicada ya que la lactancia materna es el método de nutrición por excelencia para el bebé. , por su eficiente contribución a la salud y por ser considerado el método de intervención más sensible, económico y eficaz para reducir la morbimortalidad infantil. Objetivo: Describir el conocimiento de los enfermeros en relación a los factores de riesgo de trauma del pezón causado por la lactancia. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, donde se realizó una encuesta en la literatura nacional, publicada entre 2013 y 2018. Resultados: Las enfermeras juegan un papel importante en la acogida de las gestantes y puérperas, ya que es en este ambiente de cooperación que nos damos cuenta de la importancia de que las enfermeras orienten sus acciones de competencia, mejorando y movilizando conocimientos, demostrando que la leche materna es parte del ciclo de vida de todas las mujeres. Conclusión: Los principales factores de riesgo para traumatismo en el pezón son: agarre inadecuado, estrías, fisura, dolor en el pezón, ausencia de pareja, ser primípara, mamas turgentes y congestionadas, pezones semiprotruidos y/o malformados, despigmentados, falta de alimentación complementaria. madre, parto por cesárea y falta de orientación prenatal.Introdução: O aleitamento materno adequado reduz o índice de infecção até os seis meses de vida, e é considerado que a criança fica livre de doenças, sendo observado que a introdução complementada por outros alimentos é contra indicado já que o aleitamento materno é o método de alimentação de excelência para o bebê, por sua eficiente contribuição para a saúde e por ser considerado o método mais sensível, econômico e eficaz de intervenção para redução da morbimortalidade infantil. Objetivo: Descrever o conhecimento do enfermeiro relacionado aos fatores de risco para o trauma mamilar causado na amamentação. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, onde se realizou uma pesquisa, na literatura nacional, publicada no período entre 2013 a 2018. Resultados: Os enfermeiros têm um papel importante no acolhimento à gestante e puérperas, pois é neste ambiente de cooperação que percebemos a importância do enfermeiro para dirigir suas ações de competência, aprimorando e mobilizando os conhecimentos, demonstrando que o leite materno é parte do ciclo da vida de todas as mulheres. Conclusão: Os principais fatores de risco para o trauma mamilar são: pega inadequada, estrias, fissura, dor mamilar, ausência do companheiro, ser primípara, mamas túrgidas e ingurgitadas, mamilos semi protusos e/ou malformados, despigmentados, ausência de alimentação complementar da mãe, parto cesáreo e falta de orientações no pré natal.Introdução: O aleitamento materno adequado reduz o índice de infecção até os seis meses de vida, e é considerado que a criança fica livre de doenças, sendo observado que a introdução complementada por outros alimentos é contra indicado já que o aleitamento materno é o método de alimentação de excelência para o bebê, por sua eficiente contribuição para a saúde e por ser considerado o método mais sensível, econômico e eficaz de intervenção para redução da morbimortalidade infantil. Objetivo: Descrever o conhecimento do enfermeiro relacionado aos fatores de risco para o trauma mamilar causado na amamentação. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, onde se realizou uma pesquisa, na literatura nacional, publicada no período entre 2013 a 2018. Resultados: Os enfermeiros têm um papel importante no acolhimento à gestante e puérperas, pois é neste ambiente de cooperação que percebemos a importância do enfermeiro para dirigir suas ações de competência, aprimorando e mobilizando os conhecimentos, demonstrando que o leite materno é parte do ciclo da vida de todas as mulheres. Conclusão: Os principais fatores de risco para o trauma mamilar são: pega inadequada, estrias, fissura, dor mamilar, ausência do companheiro, ser primípara, mamas túrgidas e ingurgitadas, mamilos semi protusos e/ou malformados, despigmentados, ausência de alimentação complementar da mãe, parto cesáreo e falta de orientações no pré natal

Analysis of Surgical Mortality for Congenital Heart Defects Using RACHS-1 Risk Score in a Brazilian Single Center

ABSTRACT Introduction: Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery 1 (RACHS-1) score is a simple model that can be easily applied and has been widely used for mortality comparison among pediatric cardiovascular services. It is based on the categorization of several surgical palliative or corrective procedures, which have similar mortality in the treatment of congenital heart disease. Objective: To analyze the in-hospital mortality in pediatric patients (<18 years) submitted to cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease based on RACHS-1 score, during a 12-year period. Methods: A retrospective date analysis was performed from January 2003 to December 2014. The survey was divided in two periods of six years long each, to check for any improvement in the results. We evaluated the numbers of procedures performed, complexity of surgery and hospital mortality. Results: Three thousand and two hundred and one surgeries were performed. Of these, 3071 were able to be classified according to the score RACHS-1. Among the patients, 51.7% were male and 47.5% were younger than one year of age. The most common RACHS-1 category was 3 (35.5%). The mortality was 1.8%, 5.5%, 14.9%, 32.5% and 68.6% for category 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6, respectively. There was a significant increase in the number of surgeries (48%) and a significant reduction in the mortality in the last period analysed (13.3% in period I and 10.4% in period II; P=0.014). Conclusion: RACHS-1 score was a useful score for mortality risk in our service, although we are aware that other factors have an impact on the total mortality

Doença pulmonar por metal duro em trabalhador da indústria petrolífera

A doença pulmonar por metal duro é uma pneumonia intersticial por células gigantes relacionada com a exposição à poeira composta por metais duros. Neste artigo é relatado o caso de um profissional da indústria petrolífera, diagnosticado com doença pulmonar por metal duro com base na documentação clínica, radiológica, funcional pulmonar e anatomopatológica

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data