Directed Organization of DNA Filaments in a Soft Matter Template

We have developed a noninvasive, all-optical, holographic technique for permanently aligning liquid crystalline DNA filaments in a microperiodic template realized in soft-composite (polymeric) materials. By combining optical intensity holography with a selective microfluidic etching process, a channelled microstructure has been realized which enables self-assembly of DNA. The striking chemicophysical properties of the structure immobilize the DNA filaments within the microchannels without the need of any kind of surface chemistry or functionalization. Polarized optical, confocal, and electronic microscopies have been used for characterizing the DNA geometry inside the microchannels in terms of birefringence, fluorescence, and nanoscale organization properties. In particular, observation of a far-field diffraction pattern confirms a periodic organization of the DNA filaments inside the polymeric template

Additional file 1 of Syndecan-4 as a genetic determinant of the metabolic syndrome

Supplementary Material

Figure 2 shows the selected polymorphisms in the chromosome 7 region.

<p>Symbols are as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0045232#pone-0045232-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>.</p

The mitochondrial DNA control region shows genetically correlated levels of heteroplasmy in leukocytes of centenarians and their offspring-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The mitochondrial DNA control region shows genetically correlated levels of heteroplasmy in leukocytes of centenarians and their offspring"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/293</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():293-293.</p><p>Published online 29 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2014781.</p><p></p

Figure 1 shows the selected polymorphisms in the chromosome 5 region.

<p>The value inside each diamond represents the linkage disequilibrium (r²) between each SNP. The values inside the black arrows represent the distance between the SNPs. SNPs situated in a coding region are written in red, while SNPs in non coding regions are in black. The red arrows show the direction in which the gene is transcribed.</p

The mitochondrial DNA control region shows genetically correlated levels of heteroplasmy in leukocytes of centenarians and their offspring-5

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The mitochondrial DNA control region shows genetically correlated levels of heteroplasmy in leukocytes of centenarians and their offspring"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/293</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():293-293.</p><p>Published online 29 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2014781.</p><p></p>en the height of the Heteroplasmic peak and the Total height of homoplasmic plus heteroplasmic peaks. Bars denote the standard deviation in triplicate experiments. The observed values were used to fit a 2degree polynomial function y = βx + βx

The mitochondrial DNA control region shows genetically correlated levels of heteroplasmy in leukocytes of centenarians and their offspring-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The mitochondrial DNA control region shows genetically correlated levels of heteroplasmy in leukocytes of centenarians and their offspring"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/293</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():293-293.</p><p>Published online 29 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2014781.</p><p></p

Bar chart of age by genotypes showing the association between the polymorphism of <i>TAS2R16</i> rs 978739 and longevity.

<p>The A/A genotype frequency is about 40.5% in the young and adult classes (20–50 and 51–70 years). Thereafter the A/A frequency increases through older classes reaching the 55.5% in the oldest (χ² = 17,08, p<0.029).</p

The mitochondrial DNA control region shows genetically correlated levels of heteroplasmy in leukocytes of centenarians and their offspring-4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The mitochondrial DNA control region shows genetically correlated levels of heteroplasmy in leukocytes of centenarians and their offspring"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/293</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():293-293.</p><p>Published online 29 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2014781.</p><p></p

Reconstructing the genetic history of Italians: new insights from a male (Y-chromosome) perspective

<p><b>Background:</b> Due to its central and strategic position in Europe and in the Mediterranean Basin, the Italian Peninsula played a pivotal role in the first peopling of the European continent and has been a crossroad of peoples and cultures since then.</p> <p><b>Aim:</b> This study aims to gain more information on the genetic structure of modern Italian populations and to shed light on the migration/expansion events that led to their formation.</p> <p><b>Subjects and methods:</b> High resolution Y-chromosome variation analysis in 817 unrelated males from 10 informative areas of Italy was performed. Haplogroup frequencies and microsatellite haplotypes were used, together with available data from the literature, to evaluate Mediterranean and European inputs and date their arrivals.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Fifty-three distinct Y-chromosome lineages were identified. Their distribution is in general agreement with geography, southern populations being more differentiated than northern ones.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> A complex genetic structure reflecting the multifaceted peopling pattern of the Peninsula emerged: southern populations show high similarity with those from the Middle East and Southern Balkans, while those from Northern Italy are close to populations of North-Western Europe and the Northern Balkans. Interestingly, the population of Volterra, an ancient town of Etruscan origin in Tuscany, displays a unique Y-chromosomal genetic structure.</p