The influence of cultivation methods on Shewanella oneidensis physiology and proteome expression

High-throughput analyses that are central to microbial systems biology and ecophysiology research benefit from highly homogeneous and physiologically well-defined cell cultures. While attention has focused on the technical variation associated with high-throughput technologies, biological variation introduced as a function of cell cultivation methods has been largely overlooked. This study evaluated the impact of cultivation methods, controlled batch or continuous culture in bioreactors versus shake flasks, on the reproducibility of global proteome measurements in Shewanellaoneidensis MR-1. Variability in dissolved oxygen concentration and consumption rate, metabolite profiles, and proteome was greater in shake flask than controlled batch or chemostat cultures. Proteins indicative of suboxic and anaerobic growth (e.g., fumarate reductase and decaheme c-type cytochromes) were more abundant in cells from shake flasks compared to bioreactor cultures, a finding consistent with data demonstrating that “aerobic” flask cultures were O2 deficient due to poor mass transfer kinetics. The work described herein establishes the necessity of controlled cultivation for ensuring highly reproducible and homogenous microbial cultures. By decreasing cell to cell variability, higher quality samples will allow for the interpretive accuracy necessary for drawing conclusions relevant to microbial systems biology research

Efeito da suplementaçao con levadura de crômio no cortisol sérico de bovinos

Se evaluó el efecto de la adición de levadura de cromo en la sal mineral sobre la concentración sérica de cortisol en 60 novillas Nelore (Bos indicus), divididas aleatoriamente en 4 grupos (15 animales): grupo control (Gc) sal mineral sin cromo, grupos G8,5, G17 y G34, con 8,5, 17 y 34 mg de cromo/kg de sal respectivamente. No hubo diferencia en la concentración sérica de cortisol entre los grupos de animales.Foi avaliado o efeito da adição de levedura de crômio no sal mineral sobre a concentração sérica de cortisol em 60 novilhas Nelore (Bos indicus), divididas aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (15 animais): grupo controle (Gc) sal mineral sem crômio, grupos G8,5, G17 e G34 con 8,5, 17 e 34 mg de crômio/kg de sal, respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa na concentração sérica de cortisol entre os grupos de animai

Efeito da suplementaçao con levadura de crômio no cortisol sérico de bovinos

Se evaluó el efecto de la adición de levadura de cromo en la sal mineral sobre la concentración sérica de cortisol en 60 novillas Nelore (Bos indicus), divididas aleatoriamente en 4 grupos (15 animales): grupo control (Gc) sal mineral sin cromo, grupos G8,5, G17 y G34, con 8,5, 17 y 34 mg de cromo/kg de sal respectivamente. No hubo diferencia en la concentración sérica de cortisol entre los grupos de animales.Foi avaliado o efeito da adição de levedura de crômio no sal mineral sobre a concentração sérica de cortisol em 60 novilhas Nelore (Bos indicus), divididas aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (15 animais): grupo controle (Gc) sal mineral sem crômio, grupos G8,5, G17 e G34 con 8,5, 17 e 34 mg de crômio/kg de sal, respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa na concentração sérica de cortisol entre os grupos de animai

Suplementação com levedura de crômio eleva a concentração sérica de crômio em bovinos

This study evaluated the effect of daily chromium supplementation at growing doses on serum Cr levels in cattle. Sixty Nellore heifers 2 to 5 years old were randomly assigned to one of four groups (15 heifers/group) fed non-fertilized Brachiaria decumbens pasture. In the control group (Gc), the heifers received a mineral mixture without Cr. In the other groups, heifers received 0.59, 1.19 or 2.38 mg Cr +3 /animal/day, groups G 8.5 , G 17 and G 34 , respectively. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 30 and 60. Serum concentration of chromium was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The chromium source used was the chromium yeast. The results do not support any significant difference (p>0.05) among serum chromium levels of heifers in groups Gc, G 8.5 , G 17 and G 34 at a same observation day. Only effect of supplementation time was detected in group G 34 . In this group there was significant increase (p<0,05) in the concentration serum chromium 60 days after the beginning of the experiment. Concluded Cr yeast can be used as the source of this mineral element or animals and supplementation with 2.38 mg/ cattle/day was the dose that most increased the serum concentration of Cr in Nellore cattle during the experimental period.O estudo avaliou o efeito da suplementação com doses crescentes de crômio/dia sobre a concentração sérica de Cr em bovinos. Sessenta novilhas da raça Nelore com idade entre 2 e 5 anos foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (15 novilhas/grupo) alimentadas com pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens não fertilizada. No grupo controle (Gc), as novilhas receberam mistura mineral sem adição de Cr. Nos demais as novilhas receberam 0,59; 1,19 e 2,38 mg de Cr +3 /animal/dia (grupos G 8,5 , G 17 e G 34 , respectivamente). Colheram- se amostras de sangue nos dias 0, 30 e 60. A concentração sérica de crômio foi determinada por meio de espectrofotometria de absorção atômica com forno de grafite. A fonte de crômio utilizada foi a levedura de crômio. Os resultados mostram que não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) na concentração sérica de crômio das novilhas entre os grupos Gc; G 8,5 ; G 17 e G 34 , num mesmo dia de observação. O único efeito obser- vado foi do tempo de suplementação com crômio no o grupo G 34 . Neste grupo a concentração sérica de crômio apresentou aumento significativo (p<0,05) 60 dias após o início da suplementação. Conclui-se a levedura de Cr pode ser utilizada como fonte deste elemento mineral para os bovi- nos e a suplementação com 2,38 mg/bovino/dia foi a dose que mais elevou a concentração sérica de Cr nos bovinos da raça Nelore durante o período experimental

Tax Disclosures in Financial and CSR Reporting as a Deterrence for Evasion

Capítulo de livroThis chapter is about the mandatory disclosure of income tax as required by international financial reporting standards (IFRS) and standards issued by Portuguese regulatory bodies. The chapter also elaborates the most relevant disclosures from the perspective of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Furthermore, it highlights the most influential CSR reporting standards to answer the question that whether these standards adequately address the issue of income tax payment as a factor of CSR. Finally, it also reviews the international and Portuguese theoretical and empirical academic research available about income taxes and related subjects, such as disclosures, corporate tax as a CSR matter, and tax aggressiveness of corporations. Future research may be conducted geographical reporting of income tax expense and its relationship with the effective tax rate (ETR) and other independent variables.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Expression of fibroblast growth factor receptors during development and regression of the bovine corpus luteum

There is evidence that fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are involved in the regulation of growth and regression of the corpus luteum (CL). However, the expression pattern of most FGF receptors (FGFRs) during CL lifespan is still unknown. The objective of the present study was to determine the pattern of expression of `B` and `C` splice variants of FGFRs in the bovine CL. Bovine CL were collected from an abattoir and classed as corpora hemorrhagica (Stage I), developing (Stage II), developed (Stage III) or regressed (Stage IV) CL. Expression of FGFR mRNA was measured by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and FGFR protein was localised by immunohistochemistry. Expression of mRNA encoding the `B` and `C` spliced forms of FGFR1 and FGFR2 was readily detectable in the bovine CL and was accompanied by protein localisation. FGFR1C and FGFR2C mRNA expression did not vary throughout CL lifespan, whereas FGFR1B was upregulated in the developed (Stage III) CL. FGFR3B, FGFR3C and FGFR4 expression was inconsistent in the bovine CL. The present data indicate that FGFR1 and FGFR2 splice variants are the main receptors for FGF action in the bovine CL