Study of genetic diversities and relatedness of Iranian citrus genotypes using morphological and molecular markers

Abstract Having knowledge about genetic relationships among accessions is necessary for developing breeding strategies to produce improved cultivars. In present study, genetic diversity and inter-relationship among 29 genotypes of citrus were comparatively analyzed using morphological and RAPD markers. Significant variability was observed among citrus genotypes for 61 quantitative and qualitative morphological characters of leaves, fruits and seeds. Furthermore, the RAPD markers revealed a high polymorphism rate (91.82 %). A pair-wise similarity value between genotypes ranged from 0.14 to 0.97 with average of 0.62. Both morphological and molecular analysis indicated a high degree of variation among studied genotypes. In current research, genotypes "pummelo" and "mandarin" were confirmed as true species of citrus in distinct cluster. Results of present study proved that both of morphological and molecular markers are potential tools for determining genetic diversities and genetic relationships of citrus genotypes and can be used in citrus breeding programs

De Novo SNP Discovery and Genotyping of Iranian Pimpinella Species Using ddRAD Sequencing

The species of Pimpinella, one of the largest genera of the family Apiaceae, are traditionally cultivated for medicinal purposes. In this study, high-throughput double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing technology (ddRAD-seq) was used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eight Pimpinella species from Iran. After double-digestion with the enzymes HpyCH4IV and HinfI, a total of 334,702,966 paired-end reads were de novo assembled into 1,270,791 loci with an average of 28.8 reads per locus. After stringent filtering, 2440 high-quality SNPs were identified for downstream analysis. Analysis of genetic relationships and population structure, based on these retained SNPs, indicated the presence of three major groups. Gene ontology and pathway analysis were determined by using comparison SNP-associated flanking sequences with a public non-redundant database. Due to the lack of genomic resources in this genus, our present study is the first report to provide high-quality SNPs in Pimpinella based on a de novo analysis pipeline using ddRAD-seq. This data will enhance the molecular knowledge of the genus Pimpinella and will provide an important source of information for breeders and the research community to enhance breeding programs and support the management of Pimpinella genomic resources

Production and utilization of doubled haploid lines in wheat breeding programs / by Gholam Ali Ranjbar.

Chapter 2.7 (4 leaves) is contained in pocket on back cover.Bibliography: leaves 150-170.v, 178 leaves, [7] leaves of plates : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Plant Science, 199

Population fluctuation of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Dip.: Tephritidae) in the Tarom Sofla region, Iran

Olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), is one of the most important and main pests that attack olives all around the world, especially in Mediterranean countries. This research was done to study some biological characteristics of the pest in two years. This pest has three to five generations in the Tarom sofla area of Qazvin province. Results showed that fly overwinters as adult mainly but rarely as pupa beneath the plant debris and surface soil layer of the olive orchards. The olive fruit fly attacks the fruits as the weather warms up and after a period of reproductive diapause, in late spring and early summer, at the same time as the olive core hardens (Pit hardening). Climatic changes and olive tree phenology and access to olive fruit were constant and fully correlated with olive fruit fly activity. Based on these results, the first generation, because of the favorable conditions and the product of in the first year, happened generally in July, the second generation has continued between August and September, the third generation between September and October, the fourth generation in October and November, and the fifth generation or the wintering generation in November and December. But in the second year, due to the low yield and weather conditions, the first generation was generally observed in August, the second generation in September, the third generation between September and October, and the fourth generation (wintering generation) in October and November, and another fruit was not observed in December. Due to the long oviposition period, the olive fly has overlapping generations. The density of the olive fly population in the third and fourth generation is more than the first and second generation. In the early generations, the sex ratio is in favor of males, but in the last generation, it changes to 1:1

Identification of Apo- Carotenoids' Crocin and Crocetin Isomers in Saffron Crude Extracts by HPLC Coupled to Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization and High Resolution Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry

The main metabolites in saffron are the Apo- carotenoids’ Crocin and Crocetin. Color intensity and quality of saffron mostly depend on the presence of Crocins that are glycosylated steric form of Crocetin by glycosyltransferase enzyme. The aim of this study is the characterization of these metabolites in methanolic and chloroformic extracts of saffron stigmas during anthesis stage by LC-APCI-MS. Identification of cis and trans isomers of Crocin and Crocetin was done by three parameters such as mass spectra registered in the negative ion mode, retention time and absorption ratio related to each metabolites. The variability of these parameters made it possible to detect the Crocins isomer with regard to the attached position and the number of UDP- glucose and Gentiobiosyl molecules to Crocetin structure. Crocins was the mainly detected components as there are polar components that are classified in the carotenoeids groups and the strified form of Crocetin Glucose (β-D-Glucopyranosyl) and Gentiobiose (β-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-Glucose). Also doubly charged ions were found for trans-isomers of Crocin-4, due to the high symmetry of their molecules. Based on the data gathered, the applied chromatograph Machin in this project is accurate and it is most sensitive tools to investigate about plants’ natural components like saffron, also the used APCI-MS in negative ions mode is the most efficient method to distinguish different steric forms of Crocin based on the ion’s fragments related to united reduction of glycosyl and gentiobiosyl as well as molecular fractions