catena-Poly[[bis­(pyridine-3-carb­oxy­lic acid-κN)mercury(II)]-di-μ-chlorido]

In the title compound, [HgCl2(C6H5NO2)2]n, the HgII cation is located on an inversion center and is six-coordinated in a distorted octa­hedral geometry by two N atoms from two pyridine-3-carb­oxy­lic acid mol­ecules and four bridging Cl− anions. The bridging function of the Cl− anions leads to polymeric chains running along the a axis. One Hg—Cl bond is much longer than the other. In the crystal, O—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds are observed

1-[1-(3-Methyl­phen­yl)-5-phenyl-4-phenyl­sulfonyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]ethanone

Both the acetyl and phenyl substituents of the central pyrazole ring in the title compound, C24H20N2O3S, are twisted with respect to the pyrazole ring, with the twist involving the phenyl ring being greater [67.4 (1) and 29.6 (2)°]. The tolyl substituent is disordered over two positions in a 1:1 ratio; the mean planes of the aromatic ring are aligned at 67.7 (3) and 69.4 (3)° with respect to the pyrazole ring

Insights into the strong in-vitro anticancer effects for bis(triphenylphosphane)iminium compounds having perchlorate, tetrafluoridoborate and bis(chlorido)argentate anions

Three new compounds containing the bis(triphenylphosphane)iminium cation (PPN+) with ClO4−, BF4− and [AgCl2]− as counter anions have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The two derivatives with ClO4− and BF4− were found to be isostructural by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Interestingly, the three compounds show extremely potent antiproliferative effects against the human cancer cell line SKOV3. To gain insights into the possible mechanisms of biological action, several intracellular targets have been considered. Thus, DNA binding has been evaluated, as well as the effects of the compounds on the mitochondrial function. Furthermore, the compounds have been tested as possible inhibitors of the seleno-enzyme thioredoxin reductase

2-Chloro­pyrimidin-4-amine

In the title pyrimidine derivative, C4H4ClN3, the 2-chloro and 4-amino substituents almost lie in the mean plane of the pyrimidine ring, with deviations of 0.003 (1) Å for the Cl atom, and 0.020 (1) Å for the N atom. In the crystal, molecules are linked via pairs of N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers. These dimers are further linked via N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming an undulating two-dimensional network lying parallel to (100)

A new framework for the professional development and performance management of probationary constables

Policing, the enforcement of law and the keeping of order within society, is continually and increasingly under the public microscope. There are many varied and conflicting work doctrines, the control of which is partly directed by the chief officers that lead the police forces of England, Wales and Northern Ireland. For the police service, the assessment of the work that is carried out has to be justified before an increasingly large and critical audience. Within England and Wales, a relatively recent change in Government has itself led to a change of focus on policing issues and political examination from hitherto unknown quarters. Whilst policing in an environment of change and increasing political influence, individual police forces and their members are being increasingly held to account, not only for their performance but their actions leading to that performance. This research examines the problematic nature of measuring and developing performance within a police service that not only expects, but demands personal development and individual growth in an occupation seeking to become revered as a profession. The performance of the individual during the two year probation period is closely examined and has been re-designed within this research. It is suggested that during this period the focus of any police officer should be on the needs of the individual within a relevant policing context, not on the performance requirements of the policing environment that officer serves. The concepts of competency, competence, behaviour, skills and performance related tasks are all closely scrutinised and reviewed with a focal aim of increasing the effectiveness of police assessment. The links between these standard setting processes and performance assessment are examined. This will also assist the service members to become proclaimed as the professional police officers they seek to be. This work has remained iterative and qualitative throughout the research. Members of all police forces have been consulted and data is drawn from them all. Within national policing, each of the recommendations that have stemmed from the research have been tested and found to be agreeable. This agreement was drawn from members of the federated ranks (those lower and perhaps more pragmatic in the organisation), members of the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO), and the leaders and members of the strategic boards of the organisations concerned. It is recognised that for some, the recommendations are too progressive and could be viewed as 'revolutionary' and a step too far. The findings that emerge from this research involve at a strategic level recommending an additional role for the HMIC (Training) as a clearing house for police training research functions, the analysis of the role of the forthcoming police National Training Organisation. At a tactical level the research outlines a three dimensional model of police assessment to be used within any emerging police assessment/competency framework models as well as outlining how appraisals should embrace the advantages of including European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) processes within the structure of police officer assessment. This research recognises the link between organisational competence and the competence of individual employees and make these explicit within the overall umbrella of 'performance management'.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

4,4'-(Azinodimethylene)dipyridinium bis(tetrafluoroborate) and 4-[(4-pyridylmethylene)hydrazonomethyl]pyridinium perchlorate: two different hydrogen-bonding motifs

In the crystal structures of the title compounds, C₁₂H₁₂N₄²⁺·2BF₄^-, (I), and C₁₂H₁₁N₄⁺·ClO₄^-, (II), respectively, infinite two- and one-dimensional architectures are built up via N-H^...F [in (I)] and conventional N-H^...N [in (II)] hydrogen bonding. The N-N single bond in (I) lies on a crystallographic centre of symmetry; as a result, the two pyridinium rings are parallel. In (II), the pyridinium and pyridyl ring planes are inclined with a dihedral angle of 14.45(3)°

4,4\u27-(Azinodimethylene)dipyridinium bis(tetrafluoroborate) and 4-[(4-pyridylmethylene)hydrazonomethyl]pyridinium perchlorate: two different hydrogen-bonding motifs

In the crystal structures of the title compounds, C12H12N42+\ub72BF4-, (I), and C12H11N4+\ub7ClO4-, (II), respectively, infinite two- and one-dimensional architectures are built up via N-H...F [in (I)] and conventional N-H...N [in (II)] hydrogen bonding. The N-N single bond in (I) lies on a crystallographic centre of symmetry; as a result, the two pyridinium rings are parallel. In (II), the pyridinium and pyridyl ring planes are inclined with a dihedral angle of 14.45(3)\ub0