The Effect of Teaching Practical Physical Modalities on the Ordering Skills of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residents

Introduction: Physical modalities are performed by physiotherapists based on physiatrists’ orders, so the residents pay less attention to the need and importance of learning the practical modalities. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of teaching the practical aspects of modalities to residents of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in order to improve their skills and attitudes toward ordering and doing physical modalities. Methods: In an interventional, before after study, all residents of physical medicine and rehabilitation, took the medical history of the patients willingly participatedand performed physical examinationand ordered physical modalities. They were also assessed by performing the modalities on the patient. Following the primary assessment, an experienced physiotherapist taught the residents how to do physical modalities. After the practical education, residents were assessed by ordering the modalities and performing them on simulated patients. Their satisfaction of the educational program was evaluated after the intervention. Results: The mean scores of using modalities before and after the education were 23.08± 5.50 and 52±10.18 respectively (p=0.0001). The mean scores of ordering the modalities before and after the education were 1 and 1.66 (p=0.038). The mean score of satisfaction was 91.66±8.74 out of 100. Conclusion: Since physical medicine and rehabilitation residents and specialists who order physical modalities for patients do not perform it on their own patients, teaching the practical physical modalities can improve their skills. The satisfaction rate of residents with the course was very high

Capital Expenditures and Cumulative Abnormal Stock Returns

ABSTRACT: One of the factors affecting the income is management's correct and proper decision in relation to investments, including capital expenditures. If managers act as agent for the maximization of corporate value, it is expected to perform new capital expenditures that are made using high quality opportunities cause to increases the profit from stock price reactions to these expenditures. Forty-eight Tehran stock exchange listed companies between 2005 and 2010 have been selected as the sample of the research. In this study, the dependent variable is the Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR), and independent variables ar Unexpected Capital expenditure (UCAP), Growth Opportunities (P/B), Systematic Risk, The level of expected income and Firm size. The results about the effective factors on the main variables showed that the Cumulative market-adjusted return has significant and positive relation with unexpected capital expenditures, growth, risk, and expected income and firm size are not related to the cumulative abnormal returns. In other words, size factor would not cause any change in the information content of capital expenditure. Another result of the study is that capital expenditure has an additional content in compared to current income. Keywords: Cumulative Abnormal Return; Unexpected Capital expenditure; Growth Opportunities ORIGINAL ARTICLE Received 09 Dec. 2012 Accepted 11 Mar. 2013 INTRODUCTION Accounting disclosure about earnings and book value, provide the information for users of financial statements. One of the factors affecting the income is management's correct and proper decision in relation to investments, including capital expenditures. If managers act as agent for the maximization of corporate value, it is expected to perform new capital expenditures that are made using high quality opportunities cause to increases the profit from stock price reactions to these expenditures. In an efficient market the present value of changes in expected income from such investments is created, in periods in which the expenditure is made by the company, can be seen in the stock price changes. But, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, recognizing that the benefits of this expenditure should be delayed, until the recognition of revenue and expenses that are incurred due to the increasing the capacity of the expenses. Thus the relationship between capital expenditures, future earnings, company's growth and prices of securities are, because of this cost importance, has been selected by researchers a

A comprehensive review of anticancer mechanisms of action of Alantolactone

Cancer is considered as the main challenge of human communities, and it annually imposes a significant economic burden on society. Natural products have been used for treatment of many diseases including inflammation, infections, neurological disorders, atherosclerosis, asthma and cancer for many years. Sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) refers to a group of natural products with different biological activities. A type of STL that has recently attracted much attention is Alantolactone (ALT). In recent years, many studies have investigated the molecular mechanism of this compound affecting cancer cells and results suggest that this compound exerts its anticancer effects by providing free radicals and inhibiting some of the signaling pathways that are effective in progression of cancer cells. The present study is aimed to introduce the latest molecular mechanisms of ALT proposed by researchers in recent years