Prevalensi Antibodi Polio Anak Balita Pasca Pekan Imunisasi Nasional (Pin) IV Di Denpasar, Bali

Telah dilakukan penelitian prevalensi antibodi anak Balita pasca PIN IV di Denpasar Bali pada tahun 2003. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi antibodi anak setelah anak mendapat imunisasi polio dua kali dari kegiatan PIN IV, menurut daerah penelitian dan golongan umur anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 83% anak yang diperiksa seranya sudah mempunyai antibodi terhadap ketiga type virus polio. Semakin tua umur anak, prosentase anak yang mempunyai antibodi terhadap virus polio type-3 dan type-123 semakin turun. Prosentase anak yang mempunyai antibodi terhadap virus polio type-2 sebesar 97%, sedangkan prosentase dari golongan umur anak 0-1 tahun yang mempunyai antibodi terhadap ketiga type virus polio 100%. Tidak ada perbedaan status antibodi antara anak yang tinggal di daerah pedesaan dan anak yang tinggal di daerah perkotaan. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa prevalensi antibodi anak pasca PIN IV cukup tinggi di semua golongan umur anak, meskipun hasil ini masih lebih rendah dari status antibodi anak pasca PIN II. Disarankan untuk tidak perlu lagi melakukan PIN V dengan catatan bahwa kinetja surveilans harus baik dan cakupan imunisasi rutin lebih dari 80%

Tanggap Kebal Anak-anak Terhadap 2 Dosis Vaksin Polio Di Jakarta

Antibody response to two doses of oral polio vaccine was studied in children of Kebayoran Baru district, Jakarta. Trivalent liquid oral polio vaccine containing 105.6 to 106.1 TCID50 per dose was used ana vaccination was carried out twice with one month interval to 75 children of3 - 36 months of age. Another group of 94 children from the same district were unvaccinated for control. Serum neutralization test against 100 TCID50 polio virus, to measure antibody strength, was carried out on monkey kidney cell cultures in microplates. Identification of isolated virus is done also in monkey kidney cell culture, using virus neutralization technique in microplate, against 30 Units antibody of polio type 1, type 2 and type 3. The result showed that 80 % of vaccinated children developed antibody against three types of polio after they received 2 doses of oral polio vaccine; 96.7 % against type 1,88 % against type 2 and 64.7 % against type 3. Out of 75 specimens from vaccinated children; polio virus could be isolated from 15 specimens, while from no one specimen could be isolated Coxsackie and Echo virus. The significant of this findings are discussed and should be considered as a simpler alternative method to vaccinate children

Eradikasi Polio Dan Ipv (Inactivated Polio Vaccine)

In the year 1988, World Health Organization (WHO) claims that polio viruses should be eradicated after year 2000. However, until year 2010 the world have not been free from polio viruses circulation. So many effort had been achieved and it is estimated that the world will be free from polio virus after the year 2013. Control of poliomyelitis in Indonesia has been commenced since 1982 with routine immunization of polio program and the National Immunization Days (NID) has been commenced since 1995,1996,2005 and 2006. When the world is free from polio virus, WHO suggests several alternative effort to maintain the world free from polio viruses : I) stop the OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine) and no polio immunization, 2) stop OPV and stock pile mOPV (monovalent OPV), 3) use OPV and IPV (Inactivated Polio Vaccine) in a certain times, 4) use IPV only in a certain times. IPV has been used routinely in develop countries but has not been used in the developing countries. Several studies in development countries has been conducted, but had not been done in the developing countries. Indonesia collaboration with WHO has conducted the study of IPV in Yogyakarta Province since year 2002 until year 2010. The overall aim of the study is to compile the necessary data that will inform global and national decision-making regarding future polio immunization policies for the OPV cessation era. The data generated from the study will be particularly important to make decisions regarding optimal IPV use in developing tropical countries. It is unlikely that this data can be assembled through other means than through this study. The tentative result of the study shows that OPV immunization coverage in the year 2004 is 99% in four district and 93 % in the Yogyakarta city. Environment surveillance shows that there are 65.7% polio virus detected from 137 sewage samples pre IPV swich, and 4.8% polio virus detected from 83 sewage samples post IPV swich. Survey polio antibody serologis shows that 100% of children of the study already have antibody against three types of polioviruses. From the result of the study conclude that the study can be continued untill the data can answer the question whether IPV is the only vaccine which can be use after OPV cessatio

Preliminary Study Of Sero—immunity To Polioviruses In An Urban Population In Indonesia

Telah dilakukan survey poliomyelitis neutralizing antibody pada anak-anak di bawah umur 5 tahun di Jakarta. Prevalensi type-1 polio virus antibody pada umur di bawah 2 tahun ternyata lebih tinggi di Tanjung Priok, sedangkan type-3 polio virus antibody dari group umur yang sama di Kebayoran Baru lebih tinggi. Proporsi dari triple negatip menurun dengan bertambahnya umur, akan tetapi 78.6-83.7% anak-anak di bawah umur 1 tahun dan 46.7 - 55.6% dari anak-anak yang berumur 1 tahun, ke­kurangan antibody terhadap setiap type polio virus. Dibandingkan dengan hasil penelitian-penelitian yang pernah dilakukan di Bandung, maka Jakarta kira-kira dua kali lebih tinggi prosentase triple negatip-nya daripada Bandung. Hasil dari isolasi virus dari 289 fecal specimen didapatkan 28 (9.7%) Entero­viruses strain. Virus polio type-3, virus Coxsackie B group, Echovirus type-7, adalah prevalent di Tan­jung Priok. Survey ini menunjukkan bahwa di Jakarta, anak-anak di bawah umur 2 tahun sangat baik untuk dipakai sebagai subjek dari pilot polio vaccination trial, untuk mempelajari faktor-faktor yang berpe­ngaruh pada routine vaccinas

Status Kekebalan Anak-anak terhadap Poliomyelitis di Beberapa Daerah di Indonesia

A study was carried out during 1976 to 1982 to determine the immune status against poliomyelitis of 1-36 months old children from several districts of Indonesia. A total of 1661 sera were collected and tested by micro serum neutralization test against 100 TCID 50 polio virus in monkey kidney cell cultures. The results show that in the year 1976, in Jakarta, 78.6 % 1 —12 months old children were triple negative, whereas in 1980, the percentage of triple negative children of similar age group were 23.4% and 15.3% respectively. Triple negative children of similar age group in Purwakarta (1978) 20.5% and 14.3 %; in Cimahi (1978) 20.6 % and 17.8 %; in Banjarmasin (1981) 23.4 % and 11.9 %; and in Jambi (1982) 61.4 % and 54.6 % respectively. The proportions of triple positives are higher in areas which have experienced a recent epidemic or in areas where the population uses river water for household purposes. The significance of these results are discussed and it is recommended that children should be vaccinated against polio before the age of 2 years

Epidemiological Study of Influenza in Jakarta and Surrounding Areas

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF INFLUENZA IN JAKARTA AND SURROUNDING AREA

PREVALENSI ANTIBODI POLIO ANAK BALITA PASCA PEKAN IMUNISASI NASIONAL (PIN) IV DI DENPASAR, BALI

Telah dilakukan penelitian prevalensi antibodi anak balita pasca PIN IV di Denpasar Bali pada tahun 2003. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi antibodi anak setelah anak mendapat imunisasi polio dua kali dari kegiatan PIN IV, menurut daerah penelitian dan golongan umur anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 83% anak yang diperiksa seranya sudah mempunyai antibodi terhadap ketiga type virus polio. Semakin tua umur anak, prosentase anak yang mempunyai antibodi terhadap virus polio type-3 dan type-123 semakin turun. Prosentase anak yang mempunyai antibodi terhadap virus polio type-2 sebesar 97%, sedangkan prosentase dari golongan umur anak 0-1 tahun yang mempunyai antibodi terhadap ketiga type virus polio 100%. Tidak ada perbedaan status antibodi antara anak yang tinggal di daerah pedesaan dan anak yang tinggal di daerah perkotaan. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa prevalensi antibodi anak pasca PIN IV cukup tinggi di semua golongan umur anak, meskipun hasil ini masih lebih rendah dari status antibodi anak pasca PIN II. Disarankan untuk tidak perlu lagi melakukan PIN V dengan catatan bahwa kinetja surveilans harus baik dan cakupan imunisasi rutin lebih dari 80%.

TANGGAP KEBAL ANAK-ANAK TERHADAP 2 DOSIS VAKSIN POLIO DI JAKARTA

Antibody response to two doses of oral polio vaccine was studied in children of Kebayoran Baru district, Jakarta. Trivalent liquid oral polio vaccine containing 105.6 to 106.1 TCID50 per dose was used ana vaccination was carried out twice with one month interval to 75 children of3 - 36 months of age. Another group of 94 children from the same district were unvaccinated for control. Serum neutralization test against 100 TCID50 polio virus, to measure antibody strength, was carried out on monkey kidney cell cultures in microplates. Identification of isolated virus is done also in monkey kidney cell culture, using virus neutralization technique in microplate, against 30 Units antibody of polio type 1, type 2 and type 3. The result showed that 80 % of vaccinated children developed antibody against three types of polio after they received 2 doses of oral polio vaccine; 96.7 % against type 1,88 % against type 2 and 64.7 % against type 3. Out of 75 specimens from vaccinated children; polio virus could be isolated from 15 specimens, while from no one specimen could be isolated Coxsackie and Echo virus. The significant of this findings are discussed and should be considered as a simpler alternative method to vaccinate children

PENELITIAN SEROLOGIS POLIO PADA ANAK SD PASCA BIAS-POLIO DI KABUPATEN BOGOR

Program BIAS-Polio sudah dilaksanakan pada bulan Nopember 1999 di seluruh SD di Indonesia dari kelas III sampai dengan kelas VI. Tujuan BIAS-Polio adalah untuk meningkatkan status imunitas anak terhadap infeksi virus polio sebingga dapat menghambat sirkulasi virus polio liar di masyarakat. Bias polio diberikan pada anak SD sebanyak 1 kali dosis