1,035 research outputs found
Relative abundance and size composition of subtidal abalone, Haliotis spp., sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus spp., and abundance of sea stars off Fitzgerald marine reserve, September 1993
Data were collected at twenty-six dive stations at seven discrete latitudes along Fitzgerald Marine Reserve (FMR). Dive stations were targeted at three stratified depth zones: shallow (6.1 m), medium (10.7 m), and deep (16.8 m) in six of the seven locations. Two types of line
transects, emergent and invasive, were completed by separate dive teams at each dive station. The area surveyed totalled 1,510 m2 for emergent and 560 m2 for invasive transects.
Reef habitat dominated all depth zones, with moveable boulder and cobble increasing at medium and shallow depths. Encrusting coraline and surface algae dominated (49%), followed by turf (37%), sub-canopy (11.2%), and rare canopy (0.2%). Canopy was found only at shallow depths. Turf and sub-canopy decreased with depth.
Only two species of abalone, red, Haliotis rufescens, and flat, H. walallensis, were found. Flat abalone were extremely rare with only two found on invasive transects (0.004 abalone m-2). Red abalone densities were low at both emergent (0.02 abalone m-2, s.e.=O.Ol) and
invasive (0.07 abalone m-2, s.e.=0.03 ) transects. Red abalone concentrations differed significantly by depth and location. No abalone were found at deep depths and only one
sport-legal (178 mm shell length) abalone was found at medium depth. One commercial legal (198 mm shell length) abalone was found on the entire survey. Most sport-legal abalone were located in cryptic habitat in shallow invasive transects (38%), compared to 7% on emergent transects. The only evidence of recruitment was found on invasive transects where three young-of-the-year (<=31 mm shell length) red abalone were found. Evidence from our survey and other sources suggests that sport and commercial fisheries are not sustainable off the San Mateo coast.
Red urchin, Stongylocentrotus franciscanus, were more abundant than purple urchin, S. purpuratus, or red abalone. Red urchin densities were lower in emergent (1.08 urchin m-2,s.e.=0.04) than invasive (1.52, s.e.=0.06 m-2) transects. Densities of red urchin at deep stations in areas of lower algal abundance and potentially greater commercial fishing pressure were about one-half the densities at medium and shallow depths. ANOVA showed significant differences by depth and location. Mean Test Diameter (MTD) increased from deep to medium to shallow depths, while juvenile (<=50 mm) MTD showed an inverse
relationship with depth. Shallow-depth invasive transects revealed a missing mode of 83 mm red urchin. This size mode was not found in emergent transects, probably due to cryptic habitat.
Purple urchin were found at low densities at all three depth strata. Purple urchin densities were comparable in emergent (0.11 urchin m-2, s.e.=0.02 ) and invasive (0.09 urchin m-2,s.e.=0.03) transects. ANOVA showed densities varied significantly by location but not depth. 'Juvenile' purple urchin abundance showed an inverse relation to juvenile red urchin, increasing from deep to shallow depths. Purple urchin MTD of 84 mm (s.d.=23) was larger
than reported for intertidal areas off FMR.
Sea stars were found in high abundance off FMR. Bat stars, Asterina minata, had the highest densities (0.79 sea stars m-2, s.e.=0.03) followed by Pisaster sp. (0.47 sea stars m-2,s.e.=0.03 ), and sunflower stars, Pycnopodia helianthoides, (0.11 sea stars m-2, s.e.=0.04).
Pisaster sp. was the only group of sea stars where differences in density were significant by depth or location. (30pp.
Temperature - pressure phase diagram of CeCoSi: Pressure induced high-temperature phase
We have studied the temperature-pressure phase diagram of CeCoSi by
electrical-resistivity experiments under pressure. Our measurements revealed a
very unusual phase diagram. While at low pressures no dramatic changes and only
a slight shift of the Ne\'{e}l temperature ( K) are observed,
at about 1.45 GPa a sharp and large anomaly, indicative of the opening of a
spin-density-wave (SDW) gap, appears at a comparatively high temperature K. With further increasing pressure shifts rapidly to low
temperatures and disappears at about 2.15 GPa, likely continuously in a quantum
critical point, but without evidence for superconductivity. Even more
surprisingly, we observed a clear shift of to higher temperatures upon
applying a magnetic field. We discuss two possible origins for , either
magnetic ordering of Co or a meta-orbital type of transition of Ce.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Structural and magnetic transition in CeFeAsO: separated or connected?
Using an adapted Sn-flux growth technique we obtained comparatively large
CeFeAsO single crystals of better quality than previously reported polycrystals
or single crystals, as evidenced by much sharper anomalies at the structural
and magnetic phase transitions as well as a much higher residual resistivity
ratio of 12. In the magnetically ordered phase we observe a very pronounced
metallic behavior of the in-plane resistivity, which excludes a Mott insulator
regime at low temperature. The separation Delta_T = T_0 - T_N between
structural and magnetic ordering temperatures decreases with increasing sample
quality, from 18 K in the initial reports to 6 K in the present single
crystals, demonstrating that this separation is not an intrinsic property of
the RFeAsO systems. Our results indicate that the coupling between magnetic
ordering and structural distortion is very similar in AFe2As2 and RFeAsO type
of compounds, much more similar than previously thought. The implications of
our experimental results give arguments both in favor and against the nematic
phase model.Comment: published in PRB with the title 'Coupling between the structural and
magnetic transition in CeFeAsO
Avoided ferromagnetic quantum critical point in CeRuPO
CeRuPO is a rare example of a ferromagnetic (FM) Kondo-lattice system.
External pressure suppresses the ordering temperature to zero at about
GPa. Our ac-susceptibility and electrical-resistivity
investigations evidence that the type of magnetic ordering changes from FM to
antiferromagnetic (AFM) at about GPa. Studies in applied
magnetic fields suggest that ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic correlations
compete for the ground state at , but finally the AFM correlations win.
The change in the magnetic ground-state properties is closely related to the
pressure evolution of the crystalline-electric-field level (CEF) scheme and the
magnetic Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) exchange interaction. The
N\'{e}el temperature disappears abruptly in a first-order-like fashion at
, hinting at the absence of a quantum critical point. This is consistent
with the low-temperature transport properties exhibiting Landau-Fermi-liquid
(LFL) behavior in the whole investigated pressure range up to 7.5 GPa.Comment: 12 figure
Anisotropy, disorder, and superconductivity in CeCu2Si2 under high pressure
Resistivity measurements were carried out up to 8 GPa on single crystal and
polycrystalline samples of CeCu2Si2 from differing sources in the homogeneity
range. The anisotropic response to current direction and small uniaxial
stresses was explored, taking advantage of the quasi-hydrostatic environment of
the Bridgman anvil cell. It was found that both the superconducting transition
temperature Tc and the normal state properties are very sensitive to uniaxial
stress, which leads to a shift of the valence instability pressure Pv and a
small but significant change in Tc for different orientations with respect to
the tetragonal c-axis. Coexistence of superconductivity and residual
resistivity close to the Ioffe-Regel limit around 5 GPa provides a compelling
argument for the existence of a valence-fluctuation mediated pairing
interaction at high pressure in CeCu2Si2.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure
Magnetic Bound States in Dimerized Quantum Spin Systems
Magnetic bound states are a general phenomenon in low dimensional
antiferromagnets with gapped singlet states. Using Raman scattering on three
compounds as dedicated examples we show how exchange topology, dimensionality,
defects and thermal fluctuations influence the properties and the spectral
weight of these states.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure, proceedings of the SCES'98, Paris, to be published
in Physica
Magnetic Transition in the Kondo Lattice System CeRhSn2
Our resistivity, magnetoresistance, magnetization and specific heat data
provide unambiguous evidence that CeRhSn2 is a Kondo lattice system which
undergoes magnetic transition below 4 K.Comment: 3 pages text and 5 figure
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