Risk factors of decompression sickness in scuba diving

BackgroundRecreational diving with aqualung can be called an extreme sport because the divers are exposed to physical and psychological risks. A serious danger in diving is the very exposure to a change in pressure underwater, which every diver must deal with. That kind of danger may cause many problems related to any pressure exposure and unfortunately, diving-related illnesses have shown the increasing tendency. Recreational divers are the most numerous group among the people who suffer from decompression sickness (DCS) and alas, similar condition can be expected in future years. Aim of this literature review was to determine the risk factors of decompression sickness after scuba diving.Materials and methodsMaterial for this literature review was found by two independent authors searching PubMed, Cochrane library and ScienceDirect databases by using a combination of keywords: „scuba diving”, „risk factors”, „decompression sickness”, „DCS”. Finally, 4 publications qualified for a review of literature.ResultsMany authors presented factors such as patent foramen ovale, BMI and fat mass, age, diving exposure, heavy exercise, sex, strong current, workload during diving, circulatory right-to-left shunt and the lack of changes in the diving style to have an impact on developing DCS. In the opposite, one study stated that overweight and gender had minor contribution to DSC.ConclusionsRisk factors of decompression sickness  in scuba diving could be: high-grade PFO, age, diving exposure, strong current, heavy exercise, workload during diving, dehydration, repetitive diving, violation of dive profiles, experience in diving, presence of circulatory right-to-left shunt and the lack of changes in the diving style after previous DCS episode. Further research is needed to verify the role of gender and fat mass in developing symptoms of decompression sickness

Ocena skuteczności wybranych metod fizjoterapii w zmianach zwyrodnieniowych odcinka lędźwiowego kręgosłupa = Evaluation of the effectiveness of selected methods of physiotherapy in degenerative changes of lumbar spine

Zawadka Magdalena, Fijewski Adam, Gawda Piotr. Ocena skuteczności wybranych metod fizjoterapii w zmianach zwyrodnieniowych odcinka lędźwiowego kręgosłupa = Evaluation of the effectiveness of selected methods of physiotherapy in degenerative changes of lumbar spine. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(11):373-388. ISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.34100http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%2811%29%3A373-388https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/671008Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 25.09.2015. Revised 25.10.2015. Accepted: 20.11.2015. Ocena skuteczności wybranych metod fizjoterapii w zmianach zwyrodnieniowych odcinka lędźwiowego kręgosłupaEvaluation of the effectiveness of selected methods of physiotherapy in degenerative changes of lumbar spine Magdalena Zawadka, Adam Fijewski1, Piotr Gawda2 1Studium Wychowania Fizycznego i Sportu Uniwersytetu Medycznego wLublinie (Department of Physical Education and Sport, Medical University of Lublin)2Zakład Rehabilitacji i Fizjoterapii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie(Department of Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Chair of Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy and Balneotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin) Corresponding author:mgr Magdalena ZawadkaMedical University of Lublin05-334 Latowicz Transbór [email protected] StreszczenieWstępZwyrodnienia odcinka lędźwiowego kręgosłupa stanowią częstą przyczynę korzystania z fizjoterapii. Celem pracy była ocena skuteczności podejmowanych metod usprawniania u pacjentów ze zmianami zwyrodnieniowymi.Materiał i metodaBadania przeprowadzono w dwóch grupach pacjentów. W pierwszej grupie zastosowano fizykoterapię i mobilizacje a w drugiej fizykoterapie, mobilizacje i ćwiczenia w wodzie. Do oceny skuteczności postępowania użyto kwestionariusza Oswestry, skali VAS, autorskiej ankiety oraz testów funkcjonalnych.Wyniki Odnotowano zmniejszenie dolegliwości bólowych w obu grupach usprawniania (p< 0,001). Zmniejszenie wskaźnika niesprawności wynosiło w obu grupach około 10 punktów procentowych.  Poprawie uległa ruchomość odcinka lędźwiowego średnio o 1,8 cm w grupie I i 1,6cm  w grupie II. Zmniejszyła się liczba  osób z objawami neurologicznymi w obu grupach. Nie odnotowano znaczących różnic w wynikach miedzy grupami poza bardziej przeciwbólowym efektem terapii w grupie I (p=0,032).WnioskiMetody fizjoterapii charakteryzują się porównywalną skutecznością w usprawnianiu pacjentów ze zmianami zwyrodnieniowymi odcinka lędźwiowego kręgosłupa. Zaburzenia sprawności oraz dolegliwości bólowe ulegają zmniejszeniu w wyniku zastosowanych zabiegów fizjoterapeutycznych. Wyniki wybranych testów funkcjonalnych nie zależały od rodzaju podjętego postępowania fizjoterapeutycznego.Słowa kluczowe: fizjoterapia, zmiany zwyrodnieniowe, odcinek lędźwiowy kręgosłupa. AbstractIntroductionLumbar spine degeneration is often cause  of using the physiotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation methods in patients with osteoarthritis.Material and methodsThe study was investigate in two groups of patients. In the first group  was used physical therapy methods  and mobilizations, in the second physical therapy, mobilizations and exercises in  water. To evaluate the effectiveness of the procedure  were  used the Oswestry questionnaire, visual-analog scale,  the author's questionnaire and functional tests.ResultsThere has been a reduction of pain in both groups  of improvement (p <0.001). Reducing the rate of disability in both groups was about 10 percentage points. Has improved the mobility of the lumbar spine by an average of 1.8 cm in group I and 1.6 cm in group II. Decline in the number of people with neurological symptoms in both groups. There were no significant differences in outcome between the groups except more analgesic therapy effect  in group I (p = 0.032).Conclusions Physiotherapy methods are characterized by comparable effectiveness in improving patients with osteoarthritis of the lumbar spine. Disability efficiency and pain are reduced as a result of the applied physical therapy. The results of selected functional tests did not depend on the type of undertaken physiotherapy proceedings.Keywords: physiotherapy, osteoarthritis, lumbar spine.Zawadka Magdalena, Fijewski Adam, Gawda Piotr. Ocena skuteczności wybranych metod fizjoterapii w zmianach zwyrodnieniowych odcinka lędźwiowego kręgosłupa = Evaluation of the effectiveness of selected methods of physiotherapy in degenerative changes of lumbar spine. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(11):373-388. ISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.34159http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%2811%29%3A373-388https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/671568Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 25.09.2015. Revised 25.10.2015. Accepted: 20.11.2015. Ocena skuteczności wybranych metod fizjoterapii w zmianach zwyrodnieniowych odcinka lędźwiowego kręgosłupaEvaluation of the effectiveness of selected methods of physiotherapy in degenerative changes of lumbar spine Magdalena Zawadka, Adam Fijewski1, Piotr Gawda2 1Studium Wychowania Fizycznego i Sportu Uniwersytetu Medycznego wLublinie (Department of Physical Education and Sport, Medical University of Lublin)2Zakład Rehabilitacji i Fizjoterapii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie(Department of Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Chair of Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy and Balneotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin) Corresponding author:mgr Magdalena ZawadkaMedical University of Lublin05-334 Latowicz Transbór [email protected] StreszczenieWstępZwyrodnienia odcinka lędźwiowego kręgosłupa stanowią częstą przyczynę korzystania z fizjoterapii. Celem pracy była ocena skuteczności podejmowanych metod usprawniania u pacjentów ze zmianami zwyrodnieniowymi.Materiał i metodaBadania przeprowadzono w dwóch grupach pacjentów. W pierwszej grupie zastosowano fizykoterapię i mobilizacje a w drugiej fizykoterapie, mobilizacje i ćwiczenia w wodzie. Do oceny skuteczności postępowania użyto kwestionariusza Oswestry, skali VAS, autorskiej ankiety oraz testów funkcjonalnych.Wyniki Odnotowano zmniejszenie dolegliwości bólowych w obu grupach usprawniania (p< 0,001). Zmniejszenie wskaźnika niesprawności wynosiło w obu grupach około 10 punktów procentowych.  Poprawie uległa ruchomość odcinka lędźwiowego średnio o 1,8 cm w grupie I i 1,6cm  w grupie II. Zmniejszyła się liczba  osób z objawami neurologicznymi w obu grupach. Nie odnotowano znaczących różnic w wynikach miedzy grupami poza bardziej przeciwbólowym efektem terapii w grupie I (p=0,032).WnioskiMetody fizjoterapii charakteryzują się porównywalną skutecznością w usprawnianiu pacjentów ze zmianami zwyrodnieniowymi odcinka lędźwiowego kręgosłupa. Zaburzenia sprawności oraz dolegliwości bólowe ulegają zmniejszeniu w wyniku zastosowanych zabiegów fizjoterapeutycznych. Wyniki wybranych testów funkcjonalnych nie zależały od rodzaju podjętego postępowania fizjoterapeutycznego.Słowa kluczowe: fizjoterapia, zmiany zwyrodnieniowe, odcinek lędźwiowy kręgosłupa. AbstractIntroductionLumbar spine degeneration is often cause  of using the physiotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation methods in patients with osteoarthritis.Material and methodsThe study was investigate in two groups of patients. In the first group  was used physical therapy methods  and mobilizations, in the second physical therapy, mobilizations and exercises in  water. To evaluate the effectiveness of the procedure  were  used the Oswestry questionnaire, visual-analog scale,  the author's questionnaire and functional tests.ResultsThere has been a reduction of pain in both groups  of improvement (p <0.001). Reducing the rate of disability in both groups was about 10 percentage points. Has improved the mobility of the lumbar spine by an average of 1.8 cm in group I and 1.6 cm in group II. Decline in the number of people with neurological symptoms in both groups. There were no significant differences in outcome between the groups except more analgesic therapy effect  in group I (p = 0.032).Conclusions Physiotherapy methods are characterized by comparable effectiveness in improving patients with osteoarthritis of the lumbar spine. Disability efficiency and pain are reduced as a result of the applied physical therapy. The results of selected functional tests did not depend on the type of undertaken physiotherapy proceedings.Keywords: physiotherapy, osteoarthritis, lumbar spine

Wybrane techniki terapeutyczne wykorzystywane w zespołach bólowych i zespołach przeciążeniowych mięśni = Chosen therapeutic techniques used in pain syndromes and teams of strain muscles

Michalik Joanna, Zawadka Magdalena, Gawda Piotr. Wybrane techniki terapeutyczne wykorzystywane w zespołach bólowych i zespołach przeciążeniowych mięśni = Chosen therapeutic techniques used in pain syndromes and teams of strain muscles. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(8):249-256. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.60426http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3756   The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7© The Author (s) 2016;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.07.2016. Revised 08.08.2016. Accepted: 18.08.2016.  Wybrane techniki terapeutyczne wykorzystywane w zespołach bólowych i zespołach przeciążeniowych mięśniChosen therapeutic techniques used in pain syndromes and teams of strain muscles Joanna Michalik¹, Magdalena Zawadka2, Piotr Gawda3 1 NZOZ Sanus, Lublin2 Ośrodek Rehabilitacji, Instytut Medycyny Wsi im. Witolda Chodźki, Lublin3 Zakład Rehabilitacji i Fizjoterapii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie    Joanna Michalik, Magdalena Zawadka, dr n. med Piotr GawdaAutor do korespondencji:Joanna MichalikNiepubliczny Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej „SANUS”, ul Magnoliowa 2, 20-144 [email protected]. 600 065 151   StreszczenieZespoły bólowe jako efekt przeciążeń są spowodowane długotrwałą dysproporcją a zdolnością wytrzymałości tkanki. Objawami tego typu dolegliwości są między innymi nadmiernie napięte mięśnie, skrócenie mięśni, ograniczenie ruchomości w stawie, promieniujący ból. Za leczenie zespołów przeciążeniowych odpowiedzialna jest terapia manualna oraz techniki energizacji mięśni tj., terapia punktów spustowych, poizometryczna relaksacja mięśni lub masaż poprzeczny tkanek. Celem naszej pracy było zaprezentowanie przeglądu literatury. Niniejsze badania pokazują jak techniki manualne działają na przeciążone tkanki. Jest wyraźnie ukazane, że wybrane techniki terapii mają pozytywne rezultaty w leczeniu zespołów przeciążeniowych. Słowa kluczowe: zespół przeciążeniowy mięśni, relaksacja mięśni, terapia punktów spustowych

Selected physiotherapeutic techniques and immune response in low back pain

Physiotherapy, as an element of medical rehabilitation, comprises such methods of function improvement as: massage, kinesiotherapy, physical therapy or manual therapy. In this area, medicine offers a wide range of treatment methods, practically at every stage of a patient’s recovery. Physiotherapy is used to enhance quality of life of people with disabilities, chronic diseases or after injuries, but also as a form of prevention of dysfunctions.The aim of the study  is to present the influence of physiotherapy of low back pain on factors of immune response based on literature review.Effectiveness of a given treatment is most easily noticeable in clinical practice. It is usually the patient who evaluates the efficiency of treatment, through experiencing less pain, easier performance of certain actions or overall better functioning in everyday life. Apart from registering the subjective experience of patients, the focus is on finding objective methods of evaluating effectiveness of physiotherapy and on attempts at scientific explanation of noticeable and perceptible influence of rehabilitation treatment. This also applies to the treatment of lumbar-sacral pain. The involvement of many inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, interleukins, matrix metalloproteinases, prostaglandin , tumor necrosis factor alpha and a group of cytokines. and a variety of cytokines have already been  identified in the dysfunction of this region

Physical activity level and mobility of hip, pelvic and spine in sagittal plane during forward bending

Introduction and purpose Forward bending is a part of standard evaluation of spine mobility during physical examination. More sedentary lifestyle seems to be a factor lead to limited range of motion. However influence of physical activity level on kinematics of joints during bending has not been previously investigated. In this study, kinematics of the hip joint, pelvic and the lumbar spine during forward bending were examined using the three-dimensional motion analysis. Material and method Participants were included to one of two groups: I-higher physical activity level, II-lower physical activity level on the basis of  their leisure time physical activity. Participants performed forward bending with straight knees.Results Minimal value of pelvic angle reached during motion was higher in I group than in II group (p=0.043).Second group demonstrated larger spine range of motion than the first group (p=0.021). Conclusions This results may indicate a limited motor control and core stability associated with lower level of physical activity. Causes of different spino-pelvic motion need further investigations.

Surface Electromyography in Dentistry—Past, Present and Future

Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a technique for measuring and analyzing the electrical signals of muscle activity using electrodes placed on the skin’s surface. The aim of this paper was to outline the history of the development and use of surface electromyography in dentistry, to show where research and technical solutions relating to surface electromyography currently lie, and to make recommendations for further research. sEMG is a diagnostic technique that has found significant application in dentistry. The historical section discusses the evolution of sEMG methods and equipment, highlighting how technological advances have influenced the accuracy and applicability of this method in dentistry. The need for standardization of musculoskeletal testing methodology is highlighted and the needed increased technical capabilities of sEMG equipment and the ability to specify parameters (e.g., sampling rates, bandwidth). A higher sampling rate (the recommended may be 2000 Hz or higher in masticatory muscles) allows more accurate recording of changes in the signal, which is essential for accurate analysis of muscle function. Bandwidth is one of the key parameters in sEMG research. Bandwidth determines the range of frequencies effectively recorded by the sEMG system (the recommended frequency limits are usually between 20 Hz and 500 Hz in masticatory muscles). In addition, the increased technical capabilities of sEMG equipment and the ability to specify electromyographic parameters demonstrate the need for a detailed description of selected parameters in the methodological section. This is necessary to maintain the reproducibility of sEMG testing. More high-quality clinical trials are needed in the future

The occurrence of symptoms of bruxism in sports climbers during the COVID-19 pandemic

Wstęp. Wśród następstw pandemii COVID-19 wyróżnia się m.in. pojawienie się bądź nasilenie negatywnych stanów emocjonalnych, takich jak zaburzenia lękowe czy depresja. Pogorszenie się stanu emocjonalnego populacji światowej można tłumaczyć gwałtownym wzrostem poziomu stresu psychologicznego związanego z pandemią. Z kolei napięcie psychiczne może prowadzić do pojawienia się lub zaostrzenia objawów psychosomatycznych. Stres psychiczny jest jednym z czynników ryzyka bruksizmu. W związku z obecną sytuacją pandemiczną obserwuje się wzrost częstotliwości występowania objawów bruksizmu w populacji. Celem niniejszego badania była analiza kształtowania się objawów bruksizmu u wspinaczy sportowych w czasie pandemii COVID-19. Materiał i metody. Badanie składało się z dwóch etapów – pierwszego,przeprowadzonego w sierpniu 2019 oraz drugiego, powtórzonego w maju 2020 roku, trzy miesiące od wprowadzenia w Polsce narodowej kwarantanny. Do badania zakwalifikowano 67 osób w grupie kontrolnej oraz 67 w grupie badanej. Określenie występowania bruksizmu dziennego i nocnego zostało wykonane za pomocą kwestionariusza ankiety. Wyniki. Analiza zbiorcza wykazała, że w grupie badanej występuje mniejszy procent respondentów z bruksizmem dziennym w stosunku do grupy kontrolnej - wyniki osiągnęły wymagany próg istotności statystycznej. Rozpowszechnienie bruksizmu nocnego między grupami było zbliżone – różnice nie osiągnęły założonego progu istotności. Wnioski. Poziom objawów bruksizmu wśród wspinaczy był istotnie niższy w trakcie pandemii COVID-19, niż przed nią. Otrzymane wyniki oraz możliwe mechanizmy adaptacyjne u wspinaczy wymagają dalszej analizy.Background. The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic include the emergence or intensification of negative emotional states, such as anxiety disorders or depression. The deterioration of the emotional state in human population can be explained by the severe increase in the level of psychological stress related to the pandemic. In turn, mental stress can lead to the appearance or exacerbation of psychosomatic symptoms. Mental stress is one of the risk factors for bruxism. Due to the current pandemic situation, there is an increase in the frequency of bruxism symptoms in the population. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of bruxism symptoms in sports climbers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. The study consisted of two stages - the first one was carried out in August 2019 and the second one was repeated in May 2020, three months after the national quarantine in Poland had been announced . 67 people in the control group and 67 in the studied group were qualified for the study. The occurrence of awake and sleep bruxism was determined using a questionnaire. Results. The collective analysis showed that the studied group had a lower percentage of respondents with awake bruxism compared to the control group - the results reached the required threshold of statistical significance. The prevalence of sleep bruxism between the groups was similar - the differences did not reach the assumed significance threshold. Conclusions. The level of bruxism symptoms among climbers was significantly lower during the COVID-19 pandemic than before it. The obtained results and possible adaptation mechanisms in climbers require further analysis

Assessment of Growth Changes in the Width of Dental Arches Caused by Removable Appliances over a Period of 10 Months in Children with Malocclusion

(1) Background: A large number of patients of orthodontic clinics are diagnosed with improper jaw relationships. Intraoral scanners have become an important part of orthodontic practice and provide an opportunity to measure the changes in the width of dental arches. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of removable appliances used over a 10-month period on growth changes in children with narrowed jaw dimensions. (2) Methods: Twenty four patients were included in the study (a study group—patients, treated with removable appliances in the upper dental arch for a minimum of 10 months; a control group—patients with no craniofacial abnormalities and who did not require orthodontic treatment). A panoramic radiograph and digital intraoral scan were taken, followed by palatal width measurements in Ortho-CAD before treatment, and after a period of 10 months of treatment with removable appliances. (3) Results: After a period of 10 months of the treatment, the study group had a statistically significantly greater mean change in the anterior width of the upper dental arch than the control group. (4) Conclusions: The use of removable appliances in children with narrowed maxillary transverse dimension contributes to offsetting growth changes in comparison to children with normal occlusion

Psychosomatic aspects of motion and seasickness - a literature review and evaluation according to QUADAS-2 tool

BackgroundGreater affluence and cheaper travelling have enabled a rapid increase in the number of people travelling around the world. About two thirds of travelers have experienced symptoms of motion sickness at least once. A known type of motion sickness is sea sickness.In extreme situations can concern as many as 60 % of even an experienced crew andas many as from 60 to 90% inexperienced sailors. Growing number research of is linking this disease to a psychosomatic reaction. The aim of the study was to review the literature on psychosomatic aspects of motion and seasickness and to evaluate them according to QUADAS-2 tool.Materials and methodsMaterials for this literature review were found by two authors using PubMed, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar databases. A combination of the keywords „seasickness”, „motion sickness”, „psychology” (according to Medical Subjects Headings- MeSH) was used to identify relevant studies. Finally, five publications were qualified for literature review. Each publication qualified for review was evaluated in accordance with the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Testing (QUADAS-2).ResultsThe knowledge gained from 4 studies indicated that there is a relationship between the symptoms of motion- and seasickness and psychological conditions, and one of them suggests that these relationships are small.According to the QUADAS-2 tool, there is low possibility of making mistakes in patient selection and test indexes, but the studies are at risk of bias in terms of time and flow.ConclusionsConsidering all the reports on this subject, it is suggested that psychological factors related to personality traits, self-control and neuroticism have a significant impact on motion sickness, including seasickness. It is recommended to conduct further research on the subject.</p

Masticatory Muscles Activity in Sport Climbers

Masticatory muscle activity during teeth clenching is associated with changes in many physiological parameters throughout the body. Clenching can improve muscle activity, force production, rate of force development, and joint fixation. Hence, teeth clenching and masticatory muscle activity can be important in competitive sports activities. Sport climbing is becoming increasingly popular and will be included for the first time in the Summer Olympic Games, Tokyo, 2020. However, masticatory muscle activity in sport climbers has not yet been studied. The aim of the presented study is to compare the bioelectrical activity of the masticatory muscles in sport climbers and non-climbers in order to determine the relationship between these muscles and climbing activity. 44 subjects without masticatory system disorders (16 women and 28 men, average age 26.3) were divided into two groups of 22 sport climbers (8 women, 14 men, climbing experience &gt;4 years), while 22 people (8 women, 14 men, with no regular sports activity) were assigned to the control group. Electromyographic examination of temporalis anterior (TA) and masseter muscle (MM) was evaluated in three conditions: during resting mandibular position, during maximum intercuspation clenching, and during maximum voluntary clenching with cotton rolls between teeth. For statistical analysis, the W Shapiro-Wilk test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used. Sport climbers showed significantly higher bioelectrical activities of MM during maximum intercuspation clenching (238.45 &mu;V vs. 83.87 &mu;V, p = 0.002), and during maximum voluntary clenching with cotton rolls between teeth (300.01 &mu;V vs. 101.38 &mu;V, p = 0.001) compared to controls. The differences between groups in relation to the resting bioelectrical activity of the MM muscles, and TA muscles in all conditions were not statistically significant (p &gt; 0.05). Higher bioelectrical activity of masseter muscles during clenching in climbers can be associated with this sports activity. However, the mechanism remains unknown and requires future research