A Comparative Analysis of Micro Finances: An Economic Impact of Micro Finance upon Income Level of People in Kavrepalanchok District, Nepal

Master thesis Business Administration - University of Agder 2016Micro Finance, one of the essential banking services providing institution has a major contribution upon the economic development of people and nation. It targets mostly to low income generating people and assist them to enhance their life style in a better way. It provides financial services to such people and tries to eradicate the poverty from the nation. Kavrepalanchok district in Nepal, with an area of 1,396 square kilometer with the population of more than 450,000 is a gateway to capital city Kathmandu. The people in this district rely upon business and agricultural income. Micro Finance has significant effect upon the level of income in this district. The distance from the main city Kathmandu has also adverse effect upon the level of income and economic development of the people in Kavrepalanchok district. It assists to uplift the level of income of the people here by providing small loan with lower interest rate. It provides loan in a group of people. Micro Finance in this region generally provides its financial services only to women from a single family. Further, Micro Finances with different established dates and locations have their individual economic impact upon their clients. This comparative economic impacts result to their level of financial performance. Keywords: Agriculture, Business, Economic Development, Income Level, Micro Financ

KONTROL AF SPOLORM I ØKOLOGISKE SVIN. Resultater fra PAROL projektet: Parasitter i økologiske produktionsdyr: innovative løsninger til nye udfordringer

Spolorm er meget almindelige i danske økologiske svin og kan reducere tilvækst, foderudnyttelse og effekt af vacciner hos smittede grise samt være årsag til kassering/værditab af levere. Spolorm smitter via hårdføre æg og projektet har kortlagt smittemønstre i 5 besætninger og undersøgt hvor smittepresset er størst og hvordan vi bedst kan spredningen i danske økologiske (og frilands-) besætninger

Identification of protein coding regions in genomic DNA using fuzzy Cellular Automata

Genes carry the instructions for making proteins that are found in a cell as a specific sequence of nucleotides that are found in DNA molecules.But, the regions of these genes that code for proteins may occupy only a small region of the sequence. Identifying the coding regions play a vital role in understanding these genes.In this paper we propose a Cellular Automata (CA)based pattern classifier to identify the coding region of a DNA sequence.CA is simple, efficient and produces more accurate classifier than that have previously been obtained for a range of different sequence lengths.Experimental results confirm the scalability of the proposed FCA based classifier to handle large volume of datasets irrespective of the number of classes, tuples and attributes.Good classification accuracy has been established

Socio-economics of wheat production in Kailali and Sunsari districts of Nepal

For socio-economic assessment on wheat production, research was conducted from March to June, 2019 in two major wheat growing districts of Nepal, Kailai and sunsari. The primary information was collected by face to face interview using the pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule, two Key Informant Surveys were also done.In addition, the secondary information were collected from the review of related literatures. The survey areas were selected by consultating with Agriculture Knowledge Centre and agricultural officials of the local government; sample were selected by using simple random sampling. All total, 194 samples were selected for this study; the outliers and incomplete responses were omitted. The descriptive statistics revealed that Nepal 297 (66.16 %) has the highest area coverage in Sunsari while Gautam (36.50%) has the highest coverage in Kailali. Multiple regression model revealed that wheat cultivated area (p= 0.000), adoption of NARC released varieties (p= 0.000), gender of the household head (p= 0.017), age of the household head (p= 0.040), membership of organization (p= 0.094) and number of family members between age group 15 to 59 years (p= 0.085) have significant effect on wheat production. Furthermore, the unpaired t-test showed that the mean productivity of wheat in Kailali (2.99 Mt./ha) is significantly higher than that of Sunsari (2.81t./ha) at 5% level of significance. To increase the wheat productivity, the concerned government agricultural institutions should: assure access to NARC released improved varieties, make policy to consolidate the fragmented land, encourage the economically active population and the household heads towards wheat production by providing the efficient technical and financial support

Novel strains of a pandemic plant virus, tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus, increase vector fitness and modulate virus transmission in a resistant host

Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) is one of the most successful pandemic agricultural pathogens transmitted by several species of thrips in a persistent propagative manner. Current management strategies for TSWV heavily rely on growing single-gene resistant cultivars of tomato (“Sw-5b” gene) and pepper (“Tsw” gene) deployed worldwide. However, the emergence of resistance-breaking strains (RB) in recent years has compounded the threat of TSWV to agricultural production worldwide. Despite this, an extensive study on the thrips transmission biology of RB strains is currently lacking. It is also unclear whether mutualistic TSWV-thrips interactions vary across different novel strains with disparate geographical origins. To address both critical questions, we studied whether and how four novel RB strains of TSWV (two sympatric and two allopatric), along with a non-RB strain, impact western flower thrips (WFT) fitness and whether this leads to differences in TSWV incidence, symptom severity (virulence), and virus accumulation in two differentially resistant tomato cultivars. Our findings show that all RB strains increased WFT fitness by prolonging the adult period and increasing fecundity compared to non-RB and non-viruliferous controls, regardless of the geographical origin of strains or the TSWV titers in individual thrips, which were substantially low in allopatric strains. TSWV accumulation in thrips varied at different developmental stages and was unrelated to the infected tissues from which thrips acquired the virus. However, it was significantly positively correlated to that in WFT-inoculated susceptible plants, but not the resistant ones. The TSW incidences were high in tomato plants infected with all RB strains, ranging from 80% to 90% and 100% in resistant and susceptible plants, respectively. However, TSW incidence in the non-RB-infected susceptible tomato plants was 80%. Our findings provide new insights into how novel strains of TSWV, by selectively offering substantial fitness benefits to vectors, modulate transmission and gain a potential epidemiological advantage over non-RB strains. This study presents the first direct evidence of how vector-imposed selection pressure, besides the one imposed by resistant cultivars, may contribute to the worldwide emergence of RB strains

UniHI 7: an enhanced database for retrieval and interactive analysis of human molecular interaction networks.

Unified Human Interactome (UniHI) (http://www.unihi.org) is a database for retrieval, analysis and visualization of human molecular interaction networks. Its primary aim is to provide a comprehensive and easy-to-use platform for network-based investigations to a wide community of researchers in biology and medicine. Here, we describe a major update (version 7) of the database previously featured in NAR Database Issue. UniHI 7 currently includes almost 350,000 molecular interactions between genes, proteins and drugs, as well as numerous other types of data such as gene expression and functional annotation. Multiple options for interactive filtering and highlighting of proteins can be employed to obtain more reliable and specific network structures. Expression and other genomic data can be uploaded by the user to examine local network structures. Additional built-in tools enable ready identification of known drug targets, as well as of biological processes, phenotypes and pathways enriched with network proteins. A distinctive feature of UniHI 7 is its user-friendly interface designed to be utilized in an intuitive manner, enabling researchers less acquainted with network analysis to perform state-of-the-art network-based investigations

Spolorm – forekomst og kontrol

Spolorm er hyppigt forekommende i danske økologiske svinebesætninger pga. æggenes meget tykke skal, som hjælper æggene til at overleve mange år i jorden