Evaluación de la conducta sexual condicionada en carneros del Centro de Mejoramiento Genético Ovino.

El estudio estuvo encausado a realizar un estudio sobre el comportamiento sexual que experimentan los carneros con la monta condicionada en 5 razas de importancia económica en nuestro país (Dorper, Dorset, Hampshire, Katahdin y Suffolk).El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar un estudio sobre el comportamiento sexual que experimentan los carneros con la monta condicionada en 5 razas de importancia económica en nuestro país (Dorper, Dorset, Hampshire, Katahdin y Suffolk), albergados en el Centro de Mejoramiento Genético Ovino (CeMeGO) de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UAEM, que incluye su análisis en las 4 épocas del año (primavera, verano, otoño e invierno). El periodo de observación fue de 12 meses a través del registro en video (y registro de los etogramas) una vez por semana para cada semental (52 registros/semental/año). Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo de los estados y eventos de la monta condicionada entre razas y de acuerdo a la época del año, y para contrastar la hipótesis se utilizó la prueba de análisis de varianza (ANDEVA) y la prueba de Tukey. De forma general e independientemente de la raza y de la época del año, se encontró que el estado de flehmen fue realizado en promedio en 16.3 segundos y el estado de la cópula fue completada en 71.1 segundos; en tanto que la frecuencia de los eventos fue en promedio de 2.1, 4.3 y 2.1 veces por unidad de tiempo, para olfación, pataleo y monta, respectivamente. La frecuencia de los eventos en promedio fue de 0.03 para olfación, 0.06 en pataleo y 0.03 para monta. Asimismo, se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas de acuerdo a la época del año para el estado de cópula y en los eventos de olfación y pataleo (P0.05). Los carneros utilizados en este estudio sometidos a un condicionamiento clásico para realizar montas dirigidas a un maniquí tuvo pautas de conducta más marcadas en la época de invierno, sin existir diferencias con respecto a las otras tres estaciones, ya que de igual forma presentaron la conducta de cortejo. Entre razas, se pueden notar marcadas diferencias entre ellas, particularmente el caso la raza Katahdin y la raza Dorset. Asimismo, el comportamiento demostrado por cada uno de los carneros estuvo influenciado por la información recibida simultáneamente por medio de señales químicas (olfato), otras modalidades sensoriales (vista, oído, tacto) y el aprendizaje que recibió cada uno de ellos.Centro de Mejoramiento Genético Ovino-Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia

Evaluation of the season of the year on the conditioned sexual behavior of rams

Publicación de capítulo de Libro brasileñoThe aim of this study was to compare how season of the year affects sexual behavior in rams, trained to mount a dummy. Two specimens per breed were included in a study to analyze their sexual behavior throughout the year (spring, summer, autumn and winter).Animals were trained for conditioned mounting and then, their activity was monitored by video recorder and ethograms on weekly bases (52 records / ram / year). To test the hypothesis that reproductive behavior differences occur among ram breeds during the different seasons of the year, a descriptive statistical analysis of states and events of conditioned mounting was carried out, through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test. Results showed no differences in sexual behavior during semen collection among breeds throughout the year. In average, animals displayed the state of flehmen in 16.3 seconds and the copulation in 71.1 seconds. While the average frequency for events such as olfaction, kicking and mounting attempts was 2.1, 4.3 and 2.1 times per mating event, respectively. When considering the season of year, significant differences (P0.05) were observed for the flehmen state or for the mounting event. All the animals used in this study were subjected to classical conditioning and were sexually active throughout the year. Animals had best reproductive behavior patterns during winter, while no differences among rams were observed in sexual activity during the other three seasons of the year. Our results confirm previous reports indicating that rams have best reproductive performance during winter, however reproductive behavior patterns observed in five breeds of rams during spring, summer and autumn, also confirm that rams can be used for semen collection and processing purposes throughout the year

Effect of Interleukin-17 in the Activation of Monocyte Subsets in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Interleukin- (IL-) 17 is increased in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and plays a key role in inflammatory diseases through its involvement in the activation of leukocytes. Here, we describe for the first time the effect of IL-17 in the migration and activation of monocyte subsets in patients during ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and post-STEMI. We analyzed the circulating levels of IL-17 in patient plasma. A gradual increase in IL-17 was found in STEMI and post-STEMI patients. Additionally, IL-17 had a powerful effect on the recruitment of CD14++CD16+/CD14+CD16++ monocytes derived from patients post-STEMI compared with the monocytes from patients with STEMI, suggesting that IL-17 recruits monocytes with inflammatory activity post-STEMI. Furthermore, IL-17 increased the expression of TLR4 on CD14+CD16- and CD14++CD16+/CD14+CD16++ monocytes post-STEMI and might enhance the response to danger-associated molecular patterns post-STEMI. Moreover, IL-17 induced secretion of IL-6 from CD14++CD16− and CD14++CD16+/CD14+CD16++ monocytes both in STEMI and in post-STEMI, which indicates that IL-17 has an effect on the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines from monocytes during STEMI and post-STEMI. Overall, we demonstrate that in STEMI and post-STEMI, IL-17 is increased and induces the migration and activation of monocyte subsets, possibly contributing to the inflammatory response through TLR4 and IL-6 secretion

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research