Spectroscopy of the Supernova H0pe Host Galaxy at Redshift 1.78

Supernova (SN) H0pe was discovered as a new transient in James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRCam images of the galaxy cluster PLCK G165.7+67.0 taken as part of the "Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science" (PEARLS) JWST GTO program (# 1176) on 2023 March 30 (AstroNote 2023-96; Frye et al. 2023). The transient is a compact source associated with a background galaxy that is stretched and triply-imaged by the cluster's strong gravitational lensing. This paper reports spectra in the 950-1370 nm observer frame of two of the galaxy's images obtained with Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) Utility Camera in the Infrared (LUCI) in longslit mode two weeks after the \JWST\ observations. The individual average spectra show the [OII] doublet and the Balmer and 4000 Angstrom breaks at redshift z=1.783+/-0.002. The CIGALE best-fit model of the spectral energy distribution indicates that SN H0pe's host galaxy is massive (Mstar~6x10^10 Msun after correcting for a magnification factor ~7) with a predominant intermediate age (~2 Gyr) stellar population, moderate extinction, and a magnification-corrected star formation rate ~13 Msun/yr, consistent with being below the main sequence of star formation. These properties suggest that H0pe might be a type Ia SN. Additional observations of SN H0pe and its host recently carried out with JWST (JWST-DD-4446; PI: B. Frye) will be able to both determine the SN classification and confirm its association with the galaxy analyzed in this work.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, Letter accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic

International demands for austerity: examining the impact of the IMF on the public sector

What effects do International Monetary Fund (IMF) loans have on borrow-ing countries? Even after decades of research, no consensus exists. We offer a straight-forward explanation for the seemingly mixed effects of IMF loans. We argue thatdifferent loans have different effects because of the varied conditions attached to IMFfinancing. To demonstrate this point, we investigate IMF loans with and withoutconditions that require public sector reforms in exchange for financing. We find thatthe addition of a public sector reform condition to a country’s IMF program signifi-cantly reduces government spending on the public sector wage bill. This evidencesuggest that conditions are a key mechanism linking IMF lending to policy outcomes.Although IMF loans with public sector conditions prompt cuts to the wage bill in theshort-term, these cuts do not persist in the longer-term. Borrowers backslide oninternationally mandated spending cuts in response to domestic political pressures

PENGARUH VARIASI BUKAAN PANEL DINDING (SHEATHED WALL) BERBAHAN FIBER CEMENT BOARD TERHADAP DISIPASI ENERGI AKIBAT BEBAN SIKLIK (QUASI-STATIS) PADA PORTAL BAJA CANAI DINGIN 2D

Indonesia berada pada pertemuan tiga lempeng besar dunia yanggmenjadikan Indonesia sebagainegararrawan mengalami gempa bumi. Maka dari itu perlu adanya desain dan pemilihan material padasuatu struktur yang mampu menahan goncangan akibat gempa bumi. Salah satu material yang dapatdigunakan adalah baja canai dingin, kemudian material ini dikombinasikan dengan panel dinding berbahanFiberrCement Board.DBerdasarkan hal tersebut perlu adanya penelitian mengenai pengaruh variasi bukaanpanel terhadap disipasi energi untuk baja canai dingin.Penelitian ini mengunakan portal dua tingkat berbahan baja canai dingin dengan tinggi 106 cmdan lebar 58 cm. Untuk kolom mengunakan profil hollow square 40.40.0,3 dan 40.20.0,3 untuk balok.Balok diletakkan pada pada ketinggian 50 cm dan 100 cm. Kemudian digunakan siku Panjang 80 mm danlebar 20 mm untuk plat sambung. Portal tersebut ditutupPdengan panel dinding pada salah satu sisinyadengan variasiibukaan 100%,50%,25%,0%, bahannya mengunakan Fiber Cement Board . Pada penelitianini panel dinding dengan 4 variasi bukaan bermaterial Fiber Cement Board berkode S-F-0 untuk bukaan0% masing-masinggberjumlah 3 buah dengan tebal sama yaitu 4 mm. Pembebanan berupa beban siklikdengan Drift Ratio hingga 13% interval 1% yang diberikan pada ketinggian 100 cm. Hasil akhir penelitianadalah didapatkan kurva histerisis kemudian digambarkan dalam bentuk kurva envelopeedan dihitungluasannya sehingga didapatkan nilai disipasi energi pada tiap jenis benda uji dan pola kegagalan yangterjadi.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini didapat yaitu semakin besar bukaan pada panel dinding semakinkecil nilai energi disipasi yang dihasilkan. Dari hal tersebut dapattdisimpulkan bahwa semakin besarbukaan panel dinding berbanding terbalik dengan energi disipasi yangddihasilkan.Kata Kunci: Baja Canai Dingin, Portal, Bukaan Panel Dinding. Pembebanan Siklik, Fiber CementBoard, Disipasi Energ

PENGARUH VARIASI BUKAAN PANEL DINDING (SHEATHED WALL) BERBAHAN FIBER CEMENT BOARD TERHADAP DISIPASI ENERGI AKIBAT BEBAN SIKLIK (QUASI-STATIS) PADA PORTAL BAJA CANAI DINGIN 2D

Indonesia berada pada pertemuan tiga lempeng besar dunia yanggmenjadikan Indonesia sebagainegararrawan mengalami gempa bumi. Maka dari itu perlu adanya desain dan pemilihan material padasuatu struktur yang mampu menahan goncangan akibat gempa bumi. Salah satu material yang dapatdigunakan adalah baja canai dingin, kemudian material ini dikombinasikan dengan panel dinding berbahanFiberrCement Board.DBerdasarkan hal tersebut perlu adanya penelitian mengenai pengaruh variasi bukaanpanel terhadap disipasi energi untuk baja canai dingin.Penelitian ini mengunakan portal dua tingkat berbahan baja canai dingin dengan tinggi 106 cmdan lebar 58 cm. Untuk kolom mengunakan profil hollow square 40.40.0,3 dan 40.20.0,3 untuk balok.Balok diletakkan pada pada ketinggian 50 cm dan 100 cm. Kemudian digunakan siku Panjang 80 mm danlebar 20 mm untuk plat sambung. Portal tersebut ditutupPdengan panel dinding pada salah satu sisinyadengan variasiibukaan 100%,50%,25%,0%, bahannya mengunakan Fiber Cement Board . Pada penelitianini panel dinding dengan 4 variasi bukaan bermaterial Fiber Cement Board berkode S-F-0 untuk bukaan0% masing-masinggberjumlah 3 buah dengan tebal sama yaitu 4 mm. Pembebanan berupa beban siklikdengan Drift Ratio hingga 13% interval 1% yang diberikan pada ketinggian 100 cm. Hasil akhir penelitianadalah didapatkan kurva histerisis kemudian digambarkan dalam bentuk kurva envelopeedan dihitungluasannya sehingga didapatkan nilai disipasi energi pada tiap jenis benda uji dan pola kegagalan yangterjadi.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini didapat yaitu semakin besar bukaan pada panel dinding semakinkecil nilai energi disipasi yang dihasilkan. Dari hal tersebut dapattdisimpulkan bahwa semakin besarbukaan panel dinding berbanding terbalik dengan energi disipasi yangddihasilkan.Kata Kunci: Baja Canai Dingin, Portal, Bukaan Panel Dinding. Pembebanan Siklik, Fiber CementBoard, Disipasi Energ

The JWST Discovery of the Triply Imaged Type Ia “Supernova H0pe” and Observations of the Galaxy Cluster PLCK G165.7+67.0

A Type Ia supernova (SN) at z = 1.78 was discovered in James Webb Space Telescope Near Infrared Camera imaging of the galaxy cluster PLCK G165.7+67.0 (G165; z = 0.35). The SN is situated 1.5-2 kpc from the host-galaxy nucleus and appears in three different locations as a result of gravitational lensing by G165. These data can yield a value for Hubble’s constant using time delays from this multiply imaged SN Ia that we call “SN H0pe.” Over the cluster, we identified 21 image multiplicities, confirmed five of them using the Near-Infrared Spectrograph, and constructed a new lens model that gives a total mass within 600 kpc of (2.6 ± 0.3) × 1014 M ⊙. The photometry uncovered a galaxy overdensity coincident with the SN host galaxy. NIRSpec confirmed six member galaxies, four of which surround the SN host galaxy with relative velocity ≲900 km s−1 and projected physical extent ≲33 kpc. This compact galaxy group is dominated by the SN host galaxy, which has a stellar mass of (5.0 ± 0.1) × 1011 M ⊙. The group members have specific star formation rates of 2-260 Gyr−1 derived from the Hα-line fluxes corrected for stellar absorption, dust extinction, and slit losses. Another group centered on a strongly lensed dusty star-forming galaxy is at z = 2.24. The total (unobscured and obscured) SFR of this second galaxy group is estimated to be (≳ 100 M ⊙ yr−1), which translates to a supernova rate of ∼1 SNe yr−1, suggesting that regular monitoring of this cluster may yield additional SNe. © 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Spectroscopy of the supernova H0pe host galaxy at redshift 1.78

Supernova (SN) H0pe was discovered as a new transient in James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRCam images of the galaxy cluster PLCK G165.7+67.0 taken as part of the Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science (PEARLS) JWST GTO program (ID 1176) on 2023 March 30. The transient is a compact source associated with a background galaxy that is stretched and triply imaged by the strong gravitational lensing of the cluster. This paper reports spectra in the 950- 1370 nm observer frame of two of the galaxy images obtained with Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) Utility Camera in the Infrared (LUCI) in long-slit mode two weeks after the JWST observations. The individual and average spectra show the [O′ ¯II] λλ3727,3730 doublet and the Balmer and 4000 Åbreaks at redshift z = 1.783 ± 0.002. The code investigating galaxy emission (CIGALE) best-fit model of the spectral energy distribution indicates that the host galaxy of SN H0pe is massive (Mstar ≃ 6 × 1010 M⊙ after correcting for a magnification factor μ ~ 7) with a predominantly intermediate-age (~2 Gyr) stellar population, moderate extinction, and a magnification-corrected star formation rate ≃13 M⊙ yr-1, consistent with being below the main sequence of star formation. These properties suggest that H0pe might be a type Ia SN. Additional observations of SN H0pe and its host recently carried out with JWST (JWST-DD-4446; PI: B. Frye) will be able to both determine the SN classification and confirm its association with the galaxy analyzed in this work

Spectroscopy of the Supernova H0pe Host Galaxy at Redshift 1.78

International audienceSupernova (SN) H0pe was discovered as a new transient in James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRCam images of the galaxy cluster PLCK G165.7+67.0 taken as part of the "Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science" (PEARLS) JWST GTO program (# 1176) on 2023 March 30 (AstroNote 2023-96; Frye et al. 2023). The transient is a compact source associated with a background galaxy that is stretched and triply-imaged by the cluster's strong gravitational lensing. This paper reports spectra in the 950-1370 nm observer frame of two of the galaxy's images obtained with Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) Utility Camera in the Infrared (LUCI) in longslit mode two weeks after the \JWST observations. The individual average spectra show the [OII] doublet and the Balmer and 4000 Angstrom breaks at redshift z=1.783+/-0.002. The CIGALE best-fit model of the spectral energy distribution indicates that SN H0pe's host galaxy is massive (Mstar~6x10^10 Msun after correcting for a magnification factor ~7) with a predominant intermediate age (~2 Gyr) stellar population, moderate extinction, and a magnification-corrected star formation rate ~13 Msun/yr, consistent with being below the main sequence of star formation. These properties suggest that H0pe might be a type Ia SN. Additional observations of SN H0pe and its host recently carried out with JWST (JWST-DD-4446; PI: B. Frye) will be able to both determine the SN classification and confirm its association with the galaxy analyzed in this work