Estrategias de solución ante problemas multiplicativos: estudio exploratorio

Mientras más información se obtenga respecto a los diferentes tipos de problemas multiplicativos y las estrategias que usan los niños para resolverlos, resulta más fácil orientar las acciones para la enseñanza del algoritmo de la multiplicación. Este estudio de caso se analizan las particularidades de las estrategias utilizadas por quince niños que cursan alguno de los tres primeros grados de la educación básica mexicana para resolver problemas de agrupamiento, arreglos rectangulares, razón y precio. La investigación detecta diversas habilidades y privilegia el conteo como la herramienta más utilizada para solucionar las situaciones planteadas sin que el grado escolar implique el uso de estrategias más económicas

“Got Water?” The Effects of Globalized Agribusiness on Consumers’ Access to Water Sources

This paper conceptually examines the consequences of globalized industrial agriculture on consumers’ access to clean water sources. It identifies the historical conditioners that allowed contemporary agribusiness corporations to gain the influence they currently hold over global water consumption, and it discusses the struggles that consumers face without access to clean water. The paper makes an original contribution by shifting the focus from the fact that vulnerable consumers do not have access to clean water to the reasons why they do not have access. It is suggested that water conservation strategies should not only be implemented at the consumer level, but should involve the agriculture industry if efficient solutions are to be found for future water crises

Financial Literacy and Consumer Well-Being: Examining the Role of Gender Role Ideology

Financial literacy, or the ability to process economic information and make informed decisions about financial planning, wealth accumulation, debt, and pensions, has been linked to beneficial financial behaviors that support financial well-being. Despite these benefits, consumers tend to underperform in financial literacy tests with women generally faring worse than men. This dissertation draws from gender roles literature and Expectancy-Value Theory to examine how, why, and when traditional attitudes regarding societal gender roles (i.e., gender role ideology) hinder women’s financial literacy and willingness to acquire financial knowledge. Moreover, it examines how financial literacy and willingness to acquire financial knowledge influence expectations of future financial security. I conduct two studies among adult women in the U.S. Study 1 consists of an online survey administered to 154 participants and employs covariance-based structural equation modelling to analyze the data. Results show that traditional gender role ideology is negatively related to financial literacy. This relationship is stronger among women who are more likely to identify with typically masculine psychological traits, such as being assertive or possessing leadership abilities. Additionally, willingness to acquire knowledge is positively related to expectations of future financial security. Study 2 consists of a between-subjects scenario-based experiment that primes traditional and egalitarian gender role ideology to further understand its influence on willingness to acquire financial knowledge, financial literacy, subjective value attached to financial matters, and financial self-efficacy. The scenarios were randomly shown to 137 participants. I use analyses of variance and independent sample t-tests to examine the mean differences between conditions. Results reveal that participants in the traditional condition report higher financial self-efficacy compared to participants in the egalitarian condition. This dissertation contributes to theory and consumer research in the financial literacy gender gap stream by identifying traditional gender role ideology as an antecedent to women’s low financial literacy scores, and masculine gender identity as a boundary condition for this relationship. Additionally, it contributes to practice by providing public and private actors with psychographic segmentation characteristics relevant for targeting efforts. Stakeholders interested in increasing financial literacy may need to narrow on consumer clusters that hold traditional gender role attitudes

Diseño de una secuencia de actividades para la enseñanza de la probabilidad simple en estudiantes de sexto grado: aplicación y validación

Al ser reconocida la necesidad de trabajar bajo la didáctica de la estadística como una ciencia diferente a la matemática en su forma de enseñar, que desarrolla contenidos específicos1 se elabora una propuesta de enseñanza de la probabilidad simple para alumnos de sexto grado construida a partir de 5 secuencias de actividades bajo la teoría de las situaciones didácticas de Brousseau, considerando 5 temáticas fuertes a trabajar y que diferencian cada secuencia durante el proceso de llegar a concebir la probabilidad desde una concepción frecuencial estas son: 1. Azar, experimentos aleatorios, y deterministas, 2. Espacio muestral, 3. Sucesos y tipos de sucesos, 4. Frecuencia absoluta y relativa. Y por último 5. Cálculo y comparación de probabilidades. Esta propuesta elaborada fue piloteada y finalmente aplicada en el colegio Cortijo Vianey (Bogotá) a un grado sexto de 33 estudiantes entre las edades de 10-13 años. Durante el análisis de resultados se consideran 5 grupos de categorías diferentes para cada temática desarrollada, pero que en conjunto en el paso a paso definen procesos de aprendizaje distintos de cada uno de los estudiantes, estos procesos se condensan en la construcción de un clúster como método clasificatorio que nos permite agrupar a los estudiantes en conglomerados distintos que evidencian 4 procesos de aprendizaje diferentes en el desarrollo de la propuesta elaborada

The X-ray variability of Seyfert 1.8/1.9 galaxies

Seyfert 1.8/1.9 are sources showing weak broad H-alpha components in their optical spectra. We aim at testing whether Seyfert 1.8/1.9 have similar properties at UV and X-ray wavelengths to Seyfert 2. We use the 15 Seyfert 1.8/1.9 in the Veron Cetty and Veron catalogue with public data available from the Chandra and/or XMM-Newton archives at different dates, with timescales between observations ranging from days to years. Our results are homogeneously compared with a previous work using the same methodology applied to a sample of Seyfert 2 (Hernandez-Garcia et al. 2015). X-ray variability is found in all 15 nuclei over the aforementioned ranges of timescales. The main variability pattern is related to intrinsic changes in the sources, which are observed in ten nuclei. Changes in the column density are also frequent, as they are observed in six nuclei, and variations at soft energies, possibly related to scattered nuclear emission, are detected in six sources. X-ray intraday variations are detected in six out of the eight studied sources. Variations at UV frequencies are detected in seven out of nine sources. A comparison between the samples of Seyfert 1.8/1.9 and 2 shows that, even if the main variability pattern is due to intrinsic changes of the sources in the two families, these nuclei exhibit different variability properties in the UV and X-ray domains. In particular, variations in the broad X-ray band on short time-scales (days/weeks), and variations in the soft X-rays and UV on long time-scales (months/years) are detected in Seyfert 1.8/1.9 but not in Seyfert 2. Overall, we suggest that optically classified Seyfert 1.8/1.9 should be kept separated from Seyfert 2 galaxies in UV/X-ray studies of the obscured AGN population because their intrinsic properties might be different.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1505.0116

Analysis of the Inland Port Regionalization Process in Spain

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyse and compare the ability of the main Spanish containers ports to penetrate into their inland territory along the last decade. To achieve this goal we firstly identify the inland origin of the container cargo by considering the location of the Spanish companies generating those flows in the peninsula. Then we determine the distribution of flows among the considered ports from 2000 to 2010, setting the boundaries of their hinterlands along that period. Finally we use two indexes to assess the evolution of these hinterlands in a complementary way: by their scope and their homogeneity.Furthermore, considering that the inter-port distribution of the traffic can change according to their composition, we repeat the analysis in a disaggregate way; that is, separately for each one of the main flows (by volume) of the Spanish foreign trade on the basis of the Combined Nomenclature Clasification.The main results show that the port of Valencia is the one whose hinterland has better evolved: by increasing its scope and by reducing its dependency both geographical as by type of flow. They also highlight that the main centres generating the maritime container flows are closer to this port than to the rest. Also these results allow us to conclude that this port regionalization process has not been oblivious to its economic environment but positively influenced by it

Work in Prisons: The Gender Difference that Intensifies with the Incarceration and Indicates the Lack of Human Dignity

This study deals with gender inequality in the labour market, a situation that becomes worse when we talk about incarcerated women, showing the lack of human dignity in the prision system. Women’s participation in the labour market has increased over the years, but the gender difference is noticeable when we analyze the positions held and the pay gap. In the penitentiary system, situation is reversed, the number of incarcerated women who work is higher compared to men, and however the conditions referring to human dignity when we speak about gender are unconstitutional. The scope of this article is to lead to academic debate the issue of dignity of incarcerated women in labour market, since the prision system aggravates and indicates the gender difference. To archive the research purpose, the methodology used will be bibliographic and documentary, bringing the concept of work,the discussion about acquisition of the right to work for women and the analysis of data from the profile of incarcerated women, access to work and education in the prison environment. With a population of 37.828 women in spaces designed for men it is necessary think about work, as fundamental at re-socializing and at human dignity. Keywords: Women; Prison; Work; Human dignity. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/11-11-12 Publication date:June 30th 2021

Cross-sectional and longitudinal risk of physical impairment in a cohort of postmenopausal women who experience physical and verbal abuse.

BackgroundExposure to interpersonal violence, namely verbal and physical abuse, is a highly prevalent threat to women's health and well-being. Among older, post-menopausal women, several researchers have characterized a possible bi-directional relationship of abuse exposure and diminished physical functioning. However, studies that prospectively examine the relationship between interpersonal abuse exposure and physical functioning across multiple years of observation are lacking. To address this literature gap, we prospectively evaluate the association between abuse exposure and physical functioning in a large, national cohort of post-menopausal women across 12 years of follow-up observation.MethodsMultivariable logistic regression was used to measure the adjusted association between experiencing abuse and physical function score at baseline in 154,902 Women's Health Initiative (WHI) participants. Multilevel modeling, where the trajectories of decline in physical function were modeled as a function of time-varying abuse exposure, was used to evaluate the contribution of abuse to trajectories of physical function scores over time.ResultAbuse was prevalent among WHI participants, with 11 % of our study population reporting baseline exposure. Verbal abuse was the most commonly reported abuse type (10 %), followed by combined physical and verbal abuse (1 %), followed by physical abuse in the absence of verbal abuse (0.2 %). Abuse exposure (all types) was associated with diminished physical functioning, with women exposed to combined physical and verbal abuse presenting baseline physical functioning scores consistent with non-abused women 20 years senior. Results did not reveal a differential rate of decline over time in physical functioning based on abuse exposure.ConclusionsTaken together, our findings suggest a need for increased awareness of the prevalence of abuse exposure among postmenopausal women; they also underscore the importance of clinician's vigilance in their efforts toward the prevention, early detection and effective intervention with abuse exposure, including verbal abuse exposure, in post-menopausal women. Given our findings related to abuse exposure and women's diminished physical functioning at WHI baseline, our work illuminates a need for further study, particularly the investigation of this association in younger, pre-menopausal women so that the temporal ordering if this relationship may be better understood