A Model Approach To Flux-Pinning Properties Of Yba2Cu3O7-δ Thin Film Vortex States Via Non-Superconducting Impurities

Thin film YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) samples with added non-superconducting nanodot defects of CeO2 and BaSnO2 are the focus of recent high-temperature superconductor studies. These nanodots allow magnetic flux ( ) to penetrate at these sites of the superconducting lattice, thus creating a magnetic flux vortex state. Examining the structure shows that these quantized magnetic flux vortices arrange themselves in a self-assembled lattice. The nanodots, with non-superconducting properties, serve to present structural properties to restrict motion of these vorticies under a pinning-force and to enhance the critical current density. A formulation of a new model for the system by a variation in the electron pair velocity via the virtual work from the nanodot defects in accordance to the well-known Superconductivity theories is tested. A solution to the expression for the magnetic flux, zero net force and pair velocity will generate a setting for the optimal deposition parameters of number density, growth geometry and mass density of these nanodot structures. With a calculation of pair velocities from a similar work, a comparison is made between experimental and theoretical velocity calculations using growth geometry and chemical potential. This will yield insight into how the current density for a doped high-temperature superconductor will be modified and tuned based on the dynamics and density of the nanodots themselves

Cognitive Frameworks that Enable South Carolina High School Principals to Implement Smaller Learning Communities

The demands of an ever-changing technological and diverse global society contribute to the need for systemic change in today\u27s secondary schools. Faced with these realities, American high schools must set course on a new mission for education. Not only must high schools require differentiated instructions to accommodate students\u27 needs, high school personnel must also be held accountable for student learning by producing a high quality education. Because of the variety of these diverse issues, high school principals are faced with overcoming the challenges and obstacles that confront high school reforms. The research regarding smaller learning communities is well-documented and encouraging. While the practice can become the focus for producing higher achievement, educators must create new paradigms of operations. In many cases, traditional standards and procedures must be abandoned in order to increase school-wide success. Little is known of South Carolina\u27s high school administrators as they attempt to find solutions to meet the needs of rapidly growing and diverse student populations. Little is also known of the experiences of South Carolina high school principals as they implement smaller learning communities, or the forces confronting those transitions. Therefore, the researcher examined the supporting and impeding forces experienced by South Carolina high school principals implementing smaller learning communities. In addition, the researcher analyzed the strategies used by administrators to overcome the forces, using Bolman and Deal\u27s (2008) four frames: human resources, political, structural, and symbolic. The researcher conducted in-depth interviews with administrators in seven South Carolina high schools located in five school districts. The researcher analyzed the forces as well as strategies used by administrators to overcome the forces at work. The researcher categorized the strategies used by administrators to deal with the forces into four frames: human resources, political, structural, and symbolic. In analyzing the cognitive frameworks commonly used by administrators in implementing smaller learning communities, the researcher found that the majority of cognitive frames fell within the human resource framework. The second largest group of responses fell within the structural framework followed by the symbolic framework and then the political framework

A Model Approach To Flux-Pinning Properties Of Yba2Cu3O7-δ Thin Film Vortex States Via Non-Superconducting Impurities

Thin film YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) samples with added non-superconducting nanodot defects of CeO2 and BaSnO2 are the focus of recent high-temperature superconductor studies. These nanodots allow magnetic flux ( ) to penetrate at these sites of the superconducting lattice, thus creating a magnetic flux vortex state. Examining the structure shows that these quantized magnetic flux vortices arrange themselves in a self-assembled lattice. The nanodots, with non-superconducting properties, serve to present structural properties to restrict motion of these vorticies under a pinning-force and to enhance the critical current density. A formulation of a new model for the system by a variation in the electron pair velocity via the virtual work from the nanodot defects in accordance to the well-known Superconductivity theories is tested. A solution to the expression for the magnetic flux, zero net force and pair velocity will generate a setting for the optimal deposition parameters of number density, growth geometry and mass density of these nanodot structures. With a calculation of pair velocities from a similar work, a comparison is made between experimental and theoretical velocity calculations using growth geometry and chemical potential. This will yield insight into how the current density for a doped high-temperature superconductor will be modified and tuned based on the dynamics and density of the nanodots themselves

The Role of Integrin-associated Protein “PINCH” in Kidney Development

PINCH (a particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine-rich protein) is a protein that binds with Integrin-linked kinase and Parvin, to form an IPP complex. This complex is formed only when integrin molecules are activated upon interaction with the basement membrane. The IPP complex then acts as a platform for other proteins to come together and regulate cell signaling to and from the extracellular matrix (ECM). This allows for various cellular activities to progress like cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, etc. There are two types of PINCH proteins, PINCH-1 and PINCH-2. Studies from our group have shown that the lack of PINCH-1 in the kidney results in a branching phenotype and smaller kidneys in mice. The cells showed diminished potential to adhere, migrate and proliferate. There is no significant difference in phenotype when PINCH-2 is deleted. In the present study, we use conditional double knockout mice and cells in culture to look at the additive effects of the two PINCH proteins. Stained kidney cross sections will be analyzed and the PINCH null cells will be used in cell adhesion and migration studies. We have preliminary data to show that the deletion of both PINCH-1 and PINCH-2 genes results in a severe developmental phenotype in mouse kidney and corroborates in vitro studies

Assessing the Reality of the Deep Seabed Regime

This Article argues that, in order to be effective, international law must stand in some direct relation to state practice and that the gap between legal prescription and state practice must not be too large or the law will be ineffective. The author examines this gap in relation to the deep seabed provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and suggests that, if the gap is not narrowed, the treaty may never enter into force

Post World War II Multilateral Treaty-Making: The Task of the Third United Nations Law of the Sea Conference in Perspective

This Article examines the potential obstacles that must be overcome before the creation of a global law of the sea treaty. The author argues that, even if the Conference proceeds quickly to approve a text, the treaty may never enter into force, because it will be very difficult and time-consuming for the new treaty to be accepted by a majority of the States in the world. The author reviews the various problems likely to be encountered, including signatures not followed by required ratifications, crippling reservations, and States\u27 reluctance to be party to treaties containing dispute settlement clauses. The author examines the precursors to the UNCLOS III treaty and what post-signature barrier might exist to the prompt entry into force of a global law of the sea treaty, and concludes that, given the patterns of the past thirty years, it is likely that a new treaty will never enter into force