The PRIAMO study: age- and sex-related relationship between prodromal constipation and disease phenotype in early Parkinson's disease.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the impact of sex and age on relationship between prodromal constipation and disease phenotype in Parkinson's disease at early stages. METHODS: A total of 385 Parkinson's disease patients from the PRIAMO study were classified according to the presence of prodromal constipation and followed for 24 months. Multivariable mixed-effect models were applied. All analyses were performed separately for sex (64.1% men) and median age (different by sex: 67 years-old in men and 68 years-old in women). RESULTS: As for sex, prodromal constipation was associated with greater odds of attention/memory complaints and apathy symptoms in women only. As for age, prodromal constipation was associated with lower cognitive and higher apathy scores in older patients only. CONCLUSIONS: Prodromal constipation anticipates lower cognitive performances and more severe apathy since the earliest stages in women and older patients. Sex- and age-related heterogeneity of prodromal markers of Parkinson's disease may impact disease phenotype

Continent-ocean boundary along the western sector of the South Scotia Ridge

The South Scotia Ridge (SSR) is a submerged structural high located at the eastern continuation of the Antarctic Peninsula and representing the Scotia-Antarctica transform plate boundary. A three-dimensional geological model of a sector of the SSR was built using reflection seismic and sea-floor bathymetry. The model covers the boundary between the oceanic crust of the Scotia Sea and the continental crust of the South Scotia Ridge, where the orientation of the SSR structure changes from SW-NE to W-E. Most of the active faults are located within the continental crust, however, deformation locally involves the oceanic crust and appears connected to the orientation and geometry of the fault system which defines the continent-ocean boundary. The 3D geological model helps visualize a western and central province where the active boundary involves continental blocks, the continental slope, the oceanic basement and sediments, and an eastern province where the sedimentary cover is not deformed and the oceanic basement dips underneath the continent. Moving from west to east, the NW-dipping main transtensional fault system becomes almost vertical in the central sector with an almost pure sinistral strike-slip movement. To the east, a south-dipping plane is progressively less inclined and changes orientation: here evidence of shortening is visible

A GIS Software for Field Mapping and data Capturing

Proceedings of IAMG Conference 2005 – Toronto (Canada