Developmental psychology: Parent responsiveness and its role in neurocognitive and socioemotional development of one-year-old preterm infants

Background. It has been demonstrated that preterm birth negatively affects the neurocognitive and socioemotional development of a child. It is therefore important to identify the factors that can decrease potential risks for atypical development in preterm infants. The social environment which surrounds a child is considered to be one such factor. We hypothesize that parent responsiveness positively influences the development of a preterm child. Objective. The purpose of this research is to reveal differences in the development of two one-year-old preterm children whose parents have exhibited opposite types of parent responsiveness. Design. Based on the analysis of video recordings of child-parent interactions, we identified two children whose parents registered opposite patterns of responsiveness. Parent responsiveness was measured based on Parent Responsiveness Markers Protocol methodology. The Bayley-III was used to assess the children's cognitive and socioemotional development. Results. We identified that the preterm child whose parent showed a high level of parental responsiveness had normative levels of neurocognitive development, socioemotional skills and adaptive behavior. The preterm child, whose parent showed a low level of parental responsiveness, scored lower on the Bayley-III. Conclusion. Preterm birth not only affects infant development, but also has a psychological impact on parents, evoking fear and anxiety for their child. This affects parental behavior and their responsiveness towards their child. This study showed that parent responsiveness has a positive effect on the neurocognitive and socioemotional development of a preterm child. Further research should focus on assessing the role of parent responsiveness in child development using a larger sample. © Lomonosov Moscow State University, 2019. Russian Psychological Society, 2019.19-513-92001\19The research was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation RFBR № 19-513-92001\19

Parent Responsiveness Constructs: A Comparative Study Between Russia and Vietnam

Представлены результаты исследования культурно-специфических особенностей родительской отзывчивости у родителей России и Вьетнама. В исследовании приняли участие 56 родителей из России и 50 родителей из Вьетнама. Сбор данных осуществлялся c помощью опросника «Родительская отзывчивость». На обеих выборках были выделены общие факторы-шкалы родительской отзывчивости «Поддержка», «Доминирование». Также были выделены специфические для каждой страны факторы-шкалы: для России это «Чуткость» и «Апатичность», а для Вьетнама — «Нравоучение-наставление». Выявленные содержательные различия шкал родительской отзывчивости важно учитывать специалистам при работе с диадой «родитель — ребенок».This paper presents the results of a study of the culturally specific characteristics of parental responsiveness in Russian and Vietnamese parents. The study involved 56 parents from Russia and 50 parents from Vietnam. Data collection was carried out using the “Parental responsiveness” questionnaire. On both samples, common factors were extracted — Support, Dominance. Also, specific factors-scales for each country were revealed. For Russia, it is Sensitivity and Apathy, and for Vietnam — Morality — Guidance. The revealed meaningful differences in the scales of parental responsiveness are important for psychologists to take into account when working with the parent-child dyad.Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и ВАОН в рамках научного проекта № 19‑513‑92001/21 «Кросскультурные особенности взаимодействия значимого взрослого и ребенка в России и Вьетнаме»

Mother and the Child of Early Age in Vietnam: Current Researches and Perspectives for the Study of Dyadic Interaction

In this study, based on results of foreign studies and data obtained by authors in 2019, we hypothesized the presence of cultural-specific features in parental responsiveness in Vietnam. Data collection was carried out using the author’s Pattern technology, which provides for video observation, data processing using the computer program Observer XT‑14, dichotomization of video observation results for the convenience of subsequent statistical analysis. The parameters of parental responsiveness were evaluated on 4 scales identified by the method of main components: Dominance, Support, Sensibility, Apathy. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that behavior of mothers in Vietnam has its own cultural specifics in comparison with Russia. 3,Our findings also confirm the results of modern studies of child-parent interaction in Vietnam.На основании результатов зарубежных исследований, а также данных, полученных авторами в 2019 г., проверяется гипотеза о наличии культурно-специфических особенностей в проявлении родительской отзывчивости во Вьетнаме. Сбор данных осуществлялся при помощи авторской технологии Pattern, предусматривающей видеонаблюдение, обработку данных при помощи компьютерной программы The Observer XT‑14, дихотомизацию результатов видеонаблюдений для удобства последующего статистического анализа. Параметры родительской отзывчивости оценивались по четырем шкалам, выявленным при помощи метода главных компонент: «Доминирование», «Поддержка», «Чуткость», «Апатичность». Полученные результаты позволяют констатировать наличие культурно-специфических особенностей поведения матерей из Вьетнама в сравнении с российской выборкой, а также подтверждают выводы современных исследований детско-родительского взаимодействия во Вьетнаме

Взаимодействие значимого взрослого с ребенком раннего возраста в России и Вьетнаме

The article discusses the role of child interaction with a significant adult (parent, kindergarten teacher, caregiver) in child’s neurocognitive development within socio-cultural contexts of Russia and Vietnam. The article presents the results of a pilot study that included focus group interviews with kindergarten specialists from Russia and Vietnam. The pilot study sample consisted of 74 participants (72 women, 2 men), aged 32 to 54 years (M = 43.04; SD = 6.61). Of these, Russian participants (10 cities) — 42 people (40 women and 2 men) aged 32 to 50 (M = 40.19; SD = 6.28) and Vietnamese participants (1 city) — 32 people (32 women) aged 38 to 54 years (M = 46.67; SD = 5.12). The interviews followed the questionnaire developed by the authors. It consisted of 21 open-ended questions grouped in 3 blocks: Block 1. What characteristics and skills should be developed during early childhood? Where and how should these be developed? Block 2. How are children under 3 years of age developed? Block 3. Who is involved in the development of a child under 3 years of age? A comparative analysis of the responses of the Russian and Vietnamese kindergarten specialists revealed no significant differences between the groups, which suggests similarities in educational and developmental strategies of young children in a kindergarten environment. © 2019 Moscow State University of Psychology& Education.The reported study was funded by RFBR and VASS, project number 19-513-92001

Co-morbid mental and substance use disorders – a meta-review of treatment effectiveness

Background: People with comorbid mental and substance use disorders experience greater combined disease severity than those with non-comorbid conditions. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the methods and findings of systematic reviews on the effectiveness of different treatments for this population. It also provides a database of available literature on treatments for comorbid mental and substance use disorders that can be used to inform evidence-based health service planning. Method: We conducted a meta-review of systematic reviews published between 2004 and 2016 that evaluated treatments for adults with diagnosed comorbid mental and substance use disorders. Reviews were identified via a systematic search of the PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases. Details of the systematic reviews, such as search strings, interventions examined, and type of mental and substance use orders examined are presented. A comprehensive database of relevant studies was developed in Endnote. Interventions were considered within four categories: integrated treatments (i.e., the delivery of treatments for mental and substance use disorders by the same service provider), non-integrated psychological treatments, non-integrated pharmacological treatments and other treatments. Outcomes included changes in substance use or abstinence rates, and changes in mental health symptomatology. Gaps and limitations in the literature were identified.Results: Twelve systematic reviews published between 2005 and 2014, which evaluated 131 unique original studies, met inclusion criteria. There was some support for the superiority of integrated treatments for substance use and mental health outcomes compared to non-integrated standard care. Non-integrated psychosocial treatments, such as cognitive behaviour therapy, delivered individually and through group format, also demonstrated positive substance use and mental health outcomes compared to other types of non-integrated standard care. The methodological quality and publication bias of included studies were rarely assessed in existing systematic reviews, which is a limitation.Conclusions: Available evidence supports the provision of psychosocial treatments (either integrated within the same service, or delivered in different services) for improving mental health and substance use outcomes for this population. Researchers, clinicians and policy makers can use the findings and database created in this review to guide decision making for best practice, and future research, related to treating comorbid mental and substance use disorders. Findings should be interpreted with caution, as they are limited by the heterogeneity of study methodologies. More research is warranted to provide a strong level of evidence on effective treatments for different types of mental and substance use disorders comorbidity

State regulation of tourism sphere of Ukraine in the context of the processes of European integration

У монографії висвітлюється місце України на світовому туристичному ринку, аналізується туристична політика як основа державного регулювання, досліджуються механізми державного регулювання туризму в країнах ЄС, вивчається міжнародний досвід застосування основних підходів регулювання у сфері туризму, пропонуються напрями вдосконалення макроекономічного регулювання розвитку сфери туризму в Україні, проводиться порівняльна характеристика нормативно-правової бази країн ЄС і України у сфері туризму, виявляються і аналізуються джерела фінансування туристичної сфери України, наводяться механізми створення туристичних кластерів як об’єктів стратегічного регулювання розвитку туристичної галузі, досліджуються існуючі та перспективні кластери туристичної сфери країни. Видання має стати у пригоді працівникам сфери туризму, рекреації, гостинності, студентам та аспірантам вищих навчальних закладів.The monograph covers the place of Ukraine on the world tourism market, analyzes tourism policy as a basis of state regulation, examines the mechanisms of state regulation of tourism in the EU countries, examines the international experience of applying the main regulatory approaches in the field of tourism, proposes directions for improving the macroeconomic regulation of tourism development in Ukraine, comparative Characteristics of the legal and regulatory framework of the EU and Ukraine in the field of tourism, identified and analyzed sources of f the investment of the tourist sphere of Ukraine, the mechanisms of creation of tourist clusters as objects of strategic regulation of tourism industry development, the existing and prospective clusters of the tourist sphere of the country are explored. The publication should be useful for tourism, recreation, hospitality, students and post-graduate students of higher educational institutions