Hard pion bremsstrahlung in the Coulomb region

Hard high-energy pion-nucleus bremsstrahlung, $\pi^- +A\to\pi^- +\gamma +A$, is studied in the Coulomb region, i.e. the small-angle region where the nuclear scattering is dominated by the Coulomb interaction. Special attention is focussed on the possibility of measuring the pion polarizability in such reactions. We study the sensitivity to the structure of the underlying the pion-Compton amplitude through a model with $\sigma$, $\rho$, and a_1 exchanges. It is found that the effective energy in the virtual pion-Compton scattering is often so large that the threshold approximation does not apply.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure

Modeling the burnout of solid polydisperse fuel under the conditions of external heat transfer

A self-similar burnout mode of solid polydisperse fuel is considered taking into consideration heat transfer between fuel particles, gases, and combustion chamber walls. A polydisperse composition of fuel is taken into account by introducing particle distribution functions by radiuses obtained for the kinetic and diffusion combustion modes. Equations for calculating the temperatures of particles and gases are presented, which are written for particles average with respect to their distribution functions by radiuses taking into account the fuel burnout ratio. The proposed equations take into consideration the influence of fuel composition, air excess factor, and gas recirculation ratio. Calculated graphs depicting the variation of particle and gas temperatures, and the fuel burnout ratio are presented for an anthracite-fired boiler. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Inc

Cutaneous manifestations of the disease reklingauzena : a literature review

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is one of the most common neurocutaneous diseases. Normally a dermatologist is the first specialist who may suspect the disease. Despite the fact that gene mutation in disease Reklingauzena has been identified in chromosome 17 in 1987, diagnosis is still based mainly on the identification of clinical symptoms. Among the diagnostic signs recommended by the International Committee of experts on neurofibromatosis, 3 criteria apply to skin manifestations. In addition to classic manifestations, the presence of other elements such as anemic nevus and juvenile xanthogranuloma can also have prognostic value. Neurofibromatosis is a Multisystem disease with a varied clinical picture, varying with age, which justifies the inclusion of follow-up not only of the doctor-dermatologist, but also related professionals.Нейрофиброматоз 1 типа – одно из наиболее распространенных нейрокожных заболеваний. Как правило, дерматовенеролог становится первым специалистом, который может заподозрить данное заболевание. Несмотря на то, что мутация гена при болезни Реклингаузена была выявлена в 17 хромосоме еще в 1987 году, диагностика заболевания до сих пор основывается главным образом на выявлении клинических симптомов. Среди диагностических признаков, рекомендованных Международным комитетом экспертов по нейрофиброматозу, 3 критерия относятся к кожным проявлениям. В дополнение к классическим признакам, наличие других элементов, таких как анемический невус и ювенильная ксантогранулема также могут иметь прогностическое значение. Нейрофиброматоз является мультисистемным заболеванием, с разнообразной клинической картиной, меняющейся с возрастом, что обосновывает включение в диспансерное наблюдения не только врача-дерматовенеролога, но и смежных специалистов

Cutaneous manifestations of the disease reklingauzena : a literature review

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is one of the most common neurocutaneous diseases. Normally a dermatologist is the first specialist who may suspect the disease. Despite the fact that gene mutation in disease Reklingauzena has been identified in chromosome 17 in 1987, diagnosis is still based mainly on the identification of clinical symptoms. Among the diagnostic signs recommended by the International Committee of experts on neurofibromatosis, 3 criteria apply to skin manifestations. In addition to classic manifestations, the presence of other elements such as anemic nevus and juvenile xanthogranuloma can also have prognostic value. Neurofibromatosis is a Multisystem disease with a varied clinical picture, varying with age, which justifies the inclusion of follow-up not only of the doctor-dermatologist, but also related professionals.Нейрофиброматоз 1 типа – одно из наиболее распространенных нейрокожных заболеваний. Как правило, дерматовенеролог становится первым специалистом, который может заподозрить данное заболевание. Несмотря на то, что мутация гена при болезни Реклингаузена была выявлена в 17 хромосоме еще в 1987 году, диагностика заболевания до сих пор основывается главным образом на выявлении клинических симптомов. Среди диагностических признаков, рекомендованных Международным комитетом экспертов по нейрофиброматозу, 3 критерия относятся к кожным проявлениям. В дополнение к классическим признакам, наличие других элементов, таких как анемический невус и ювенильная ксантогранулема также могут иметь прогностическое значение. Нейрофиброматоз является мультисистемным заболеванием, с разнообразной клинической картиной, меняющейся с возрастом, что обосновывает включение в диспансерное наблюдения не только врача-дерматовенеролога, но и смежных специалистов

The Flux-Line Lattice in Superconductors

Magnetic flux can penetrate a type-II superconductor in form of Abrikosov vortices. These tend to arrange in a triangular flux-line lattice (FLL) which is more or less perturbed by material inhomogeneities that pin the flux lines, and in high-$T_c$ supercon- ductors (HTSC's) also by thermal fluctuations. Many properties of the FLL are well described by the phenomenological Ginzburg-Landau theory or by the electromagnetic London theory, which treats the vortex core as a singularity. In Nb alloys and HTSC's the FLL is very soft mainly because of the large magnetic penetration depth: The shear modulus of the FLL is thus small and the tilt modulus is dispersive and becomes very small for short distortion wavelength. This softness of the FLL is enhanced further by the pronounced anisotropy and layered structure of HTSC's, which strongly increases the penetration depth for currents along the c-axis of these uniaxial crystals and may even cause a decoupling of two-dimensional vortex lattices in the Cu-O layers. Thermal fluctuations and softening may melt the FLL and cause thermally activated depinning of the flux lines or of the 2D pancake vortices in the layers. Various phase transitions are predicted for the FLL in layered HTSC's. The linear and nonlinear magnetic response of HTSC's gives rise to interesting effects which strongly depend on the geometry of the experiment.Comment: Review paper for Rep.Prog.Phys., 124 narrow pages. The 30 figures do not exist as postscript file