Ein Vorschlag zur Deutung der frühen Gegenstempel von Aigina und Elis

Sample search string for PubMed MEDLINE. This file contains a sample search string for PubMed MEDLINE. (DOCX 13 kb

Additional file 4: of Impact of universal interventions on social inequalities in physical activity among older adults: an equity-focused systematic review

Characteristics of articles (n = 66) reporting on studies (n = 59) included in analysis stage 1. This file contains a table in which characteristics of all included articles are summarized. (DOCX 123 kb

Additional file 2: of Equity impact of interventions to promote physical activity in older adults: protocol for a systematic review

Sample search string for PubMed MEDLINE. This file contains a sample search string for PubMed MEDLINE. (DOCX 14 kb

Interactive and Independent Associations between the Socioeconomic and Objective Built Environment on the Neighbourhood Level and Individual Health: A Systematic Review of Multilevel Studies

<div><p>Background</p><p>The research question how contextual factors of neighbourhood environments influence individual health has gained increasing attention in public health research. Both socioeconomic neighbourhood characteristics and factors of the built environment play an important role for health and health-related behaviours. However, their reciprocal relationships have not been systematically reviewed so far. This systematic review aims to identify studies applying a multilevel modelling approach which consider both neighbourhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and factors of the objective built environment simultaneously in order to disentangle their independent and interactive effects on individual health.</p><p>Methods</p><p>The three databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were systematically searched with terms for title and abstract screening. Grey literature was not included. Observational studies from USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Western European countries were considered which analysed simultaneously factors of neighbourhood SEP and the objective built environment with a multilevel modelling approach. Adjustment for individual SEP was a further inclusion criterion.</p><p>Results</p><p>Thirty-three studies were included in qualitative synthesis. Twenty-two studies showed an independent association between characteristics of neighbourhood SEP or the built environment and individual health outcomes or health-related behaviours. Twenty-one studies found cross-level or within-level interactions either between neighbourhood SEP and the built environment, or between neighbourhood SEP or the built environment and individual characteristics, such as sex, individual SEP or ethnicity. Due to the large variation of study design and heterogeneous reporting of results the identification of consistent findings was problematic and made quantitative analysis not possible.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>There is a need for studies considering multiple neighbourhood dimensions and applying multilevel modelling in order to clarify their causal relationship towards individual health. Especially, more studies using comparable characteristics of neighbourhood SEP and the objective built environment and analysing interactive effects are necessary to disentangle health impacts and identify vulnerable neighbourhoods and population groups.</p></div

Search terms and Medical Subject Headings in PubMed.

<p>Search terms and Medical Subject Headings in PubMed.</p

Additional file 1: of Equity impact of interventions to promote physical activity in older adults: protocol for a systematic review

PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) 2015 checklist: recommended items to include in a systematic review protocol. This file provides a completed PRISMA-P 2015 checklist. (DOC 82 kb

Description of studies.

<p>Abbreviations: SEP = Socioeconomic position; BMI = Body Mass Index; PM10 = quarterly measures of particulate matter at 10 μm or less</p><p>Description of studies.</p

Additional file 4: of Impact of public smoking bans on children’s exposure to tobacco smoke at home: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Results from the quality assessment. This file contains a table presenting the results of the quality assessment of the studies included in the meta-analysis. (DOCX 17 kb

Additional file 7: of Impact of public smoking bans on children’s exposure to tobacco smoke at home: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sensitivity analysis for studies with different smoke-free policies. Forest plot summarizing the estimated relative risks of the included studies. (TIF 522 kb

Additional file 8: of Impact of public smoking bans on children’s exposure to tobacco smoke at home: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Funnel plot. This file contains the funnel plot resulting from the included studies in the meta-analysis. It is an instrument for detecting publication bias. (TIF 611 kb