23 research outputs found

    The use of Natural Language Processing as a tool to help exploit hospital data

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    peer reviewedLe CHU de Liège dispose d’un Dossier Médical Informatisé dans lequel coexistent des données structurées et non structurées. Depuis plus de 10 ans, il a aussi développé un large entrepôt de données clinques compilant l’ensemble de l’information clinique et paraclinique de l’institution. De plus, une équipe d’analystes est devenue experte de l’exploitation des données, essentiellement des données structurées. La question qui se pose actuellement est de savoir comment tirer et exploiter la richesse de toute l’information contenue dans les données non structurées du Dossier Patient Informatisé. Plus particulièrement, les nouvelles technologies de traitement du langage naturel (NLP Natural Langage Processing) apportent-elles une plus-value significative dans l’exploitation des données médicales

    Functionally Fractal Urban Networks: Geospatial Co-location and Homogeneity of Infrastructure

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    Just as natural river networks are known to be globally self-similar, recent research has shown that human-built urban networks, such as road networks, are also functionally self-similar, and have fractal topology with power-law node-degree distributions (p(k) = a k). Here we show, for the first time, that other urban infrastructure networks (sanitary and storm-water sewers), which sustain flows of critical services for urban citizens, also show scale-free functional topologies. For roads and drainage networks, we compared functional topological metrics, derived from high-resolution data (70,000 nodes) for a large US city providing services to about 900,000 citizens over an area of about 1,000 km2. For the whole city and for different sized subnets, we also examined these networks in terms of geospatial co-location (roads and sewers). Our analyses reveal functional topological homogeneity among all the subnets within the city, in spite of differences in several urban attributes. The functional topologies of all subnets of both infrastructure types resemble power-law distributions, with tails becoming increasingly power-law as the subnet area increases. Our findings hold implications for assessing the vulnerability of these critical infrastructure networks to cascading shocks based on spatial interdependency, and for improved design and maintenance of urban infrastructure networks

    Development and validation of a predictive model to determine the level of care in patients confirmed with COVID-19

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    peer reviewedBackground The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed significant challenges on hospital capacity. While mitigating unnecessary crowding in hospitals is favorable to reduce viral transmission, it is more important to prevent readmissions with impaired clinical status due to initially inappropriate level of care. A validated predictive tool to assist clinical decisions for patient triage and facilitate remote stratification is of critical importance. Methods We conducted a retrospective study in patients with confirmed COVID-19 stratified into two levels of care, namely ambulatory care and hospitalization. Data on socio-demographics, clinical symptoms, and comorbidities was collected during the first (N=571) and second waves (N=174) of the pandemic in Belgium (March 2 to December 6, 2020). Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to build and validate the prediction model. Results Significant predictors of hospitalization were old age (OR=1.08, 95%CI:1.06-1.10), male gender (OR=4.41, 95%CI: 2.58-7.52), dyspnea (OR 6.11, 95%CI: 3.58-10.45), dry cough (OR 2.89, 95%CI: 1.54-5.41), wet cough (OR 4.62, 95%CI: 1.93-11.06), hypertension (OR 2.20, 95%CI: 1.17-4.16) and renal failure (OR 5.39, 95%CI: 1.00-29.00). Rhinorrhea (OR 0.43, 95%CI: 0.24-0.79) and headache (OR 0.36, 95%CI: 0.20-0.65) were negatively associated with hospitalization. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed and the area under the ROC-curve was 0.931 (95% CI: 0.910-0.953) for the prediction model (first wave) and 0.895 (95% CI: 0.833-0.957) for the validated data set (second wave). Conclusion With a good discriminating power, the prediction model might identify patients who require ambulatory care or hospitalization, and support clinical decisions by Emergency Department staff and general practitioners

    Thiamine Status in Humans and Content of Phosphorylated Thiamine Derivatives in Biopsies and Cultured Cells

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    Background Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential molecule for all life forms because thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) is an indispensable cofactor for oxidative energy metabolism. The less abundant thiamine monophosphate (ThMP), thiamine triphosphate (ThTP) and adenosine thiamine triphosphate (AThTP), present in many organisms, may have still unidentified physiological functions. Diseases linked to thiamine deficiency (polyneuritis, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome) remain frequent among alcohol abusers and other risk populations. This is the first comprehensive study on the distribution of thiamine derivatives in human biopsies, body fluids and cell lines. Methodology and Principal Findings Thiamine derivatives were determined by HPLC. In human tissues, the total thiamine content is lower than in other animal species. ThDP is the major thiamine compound and tissue levels decrease at high age. In semen, ThDP content correlates with the concentration of spermatozoa but not with their motility. The proportion of ThTP is higher in humans than in rodents, probably because of a lower 25-kDa ThTPase activity. The expression and activity of this enzyme seems to correlate with the degree of cell differentiation. ThTP was present in nearly all brain and muscle samples and in ~60% of other tissue samples, in particular fetal tissue and cultured cells. A low ([ThTP]+[ThMP])/([Thiamine]+[ThMP]) ratio was found in cardiovascular tissues of patients with cardiac insufficiency. AThTP was detected only sporadically in adult tissues but was found more consistently in fetal tissues and cell lines. Conclusions and Significance The high sensitivity of humans to thiamine deficiency is probably linked to low circulating thiamine concentrations and low ThDP tissue contents. ThTP levels are relatively high in many human tissues, as a result of low expression of the 25-kDa ThTPase. Another novel finding is the presence of ThTP and AThTP in poorly differentiated fast-growing cells, suggesting a hitherto unsuspected link between these compounds and cell division or differentiation

    Développement d’un outil de pilotage des patients oncologiques au CHU de Liège

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    peer reviewedLe nombre de cas de cancer est en augmentation constante, en Belgique comme partout dans le monde. Plusieurs services du CHU de Liège se sont regroupés au sein d’un Institut de Cancérologie, afin d’assurer une gestion intégrée multidisciplinaire de cette masse de patients. Cet article présente comment les données de l’entrepôt de données cliniques institutionnel ont été exploitées afin de développer un outil de pilotage transversal de l’activité des patients oncologiques

    Etude du mécanisme de synthèse du triphosphate de thiamine dans le cerveau de mammifères.

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    La thiamine (vitamine B1) est essentielle pour toutes les formes de vie. Le diphosphate de thiamine (ThDP) est un coenzyme indispensable au mĂ©tabolisme oxydatif des cellules. Dans la plupart des tissus, on trouve Ă©galement le triphosphate de thiamine (ThTP), dont le rĂ´le biologique est encore mal connu. NĂ©anmoins, le fait qu’il ait Ă©tĂ© observĂ© dans tous les organismes Ă©tudiĂ©s, depuis les bactĂ©ries jusqu’aux mammifères, suggère un rĂ´le assez gĂ©nĂ©ral comme, par exemple, une rĂ©ponse Ă  certains types de stress cellulaire (privation d’acides aminĂ©s chez E. coli, flĂ©trissement des feuilles chez A. thaliana). L’objectif de notre travail a Ă©tĂ© de dĂ©terminer le mĂ©canisme de synthèse du ThTP.Avant d’étudier son mĂ©canisme de synthèse, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© sa distribution dans des biopsies tissulaires et fluides corporels humains. Une telle Ă©tude systĂ©matique Ă©tait intĂ©ressante car un dĂ©ficit en ThTP (ou une perturbation de son mĂ©tabolisme) pourrait ĂŞtre impliquĂ© dans certaines pathologies, par exemple neurodĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ratives ou cardiaques. Nos rĂ©sultats montrent que les niveaux de diphosphate de thiamine dans les tissus humains sont relativement faibles, alors que le triphosphate de thiamine est relativement abondant.Nous avons ensuite Ă©tudiĂ© le mĂ©canisme de synthèse du ThTP dans le cerveau de rat. Les donnĂ©es recueillies au cours de ces Ă©tudes nous ont permis de dresser plusieurs conclusions. Dans le cerveau, la synthèse du triphosphate de thiamine a lieu dans les mitochondries avec le ThDP et le phosphate inorganique (Pi) comme prĂ©curseurs. La rĂ©action est stimulĂ©e par les substrats de la chaĂ®ne respiratoire comme le pyruvate et le succinate, et est inhibĂ©e par des agents bloquant la chaĂ®ne respiratoire, ce qui suggère que le flux d’électrons Ă  travers la chaĂ®ne respiratoire est la source d’énergie pour cette rĂ©action endergonique ThDP + Pi ↔ ThTP. La synthèse du ThTP est inhibĂ©e lorsque la Δp est dissipĂ©e par des protonophores ou par la valinomycine en prĂ©sence de K+ Ă  l’extĂ©rieur. La lyse des mitochondries induit Ă©galement une abolition de la formation du ThTP. La dissipation de la Δp aboutit Ă  une hydrolyse rapide du ThTP synthĂ©tisĂ©, suggĂ©rant que la rĂ©action ThDP + Pi ↔ ThTP + H2O est catalysĂ©e par une ThTP synthase rĂ©versible capable de transporter des protons. Les mitochondries peuvent libĂ©rer du triphosphate de thiamine. Ce mĂ©canisme de libĂ©ration nĂ©cessite la prĂ©sence de Pi et pourrait impliquĂ© un ou plusieurs composants du pore de transition de permĂ©abilitĂ© mitochondriale. Ainsi, la synthèse et la libĂ©ration du ThTP sont soumises Ă  des rĂ©gulations spĂ©cifiques. Nos rĂ©sultats montrent, pour le première fois, la production d’un composĂ© hautement Ă©nergĂ©tique, autre que l’ATP, par un mĂ©canisme de couplage chimiosmotique
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