179 research outputs found
Human capital formation and public debt: Growth and welfare effects of three different deficit policies
Greiner A. Human capital formation and public debt: Growth and welfare effects of three different deficit policies. Working Papers in Economics and Management. Vol 05-2015. Bielefeld: Bielefeld University, Department of Business Administration and Economics; 2015.In this paper we analyze an endogenous growth model with human capital that
results from public educational spending. We allow for public debt and analyze
three different debt policies: a balanced government budget, a slight deficit policy
where debt grows but less than GDP, and a strong deficit policy where debt grows at
the same rate as GDP. We find that the balanced budget policy and the policy with
a slightly growing public debt are equivalent as concerns long-run economic growth.
Further, those two rules yield higher growth than a debt policy where public debt
grows at the same rate as GDP, unless the government is a creditor. As concerns
welfare, it can be demonstrated that a strong deficit policy yields lower welfare
than a balanced budget and a slight deficit, unless initial debt ratios are low and
the intertemporal elasticity of substituion is high. Finally, it is demonstrated that
there may exist an inverted U-shaped relation between welfare and deficit financed
educational spending
IgG and fibrinogen driven nanoparticle aggregation
A thorough understanding of how proteins induce nanoparticle (NP) aggregation is crucial when designing in vitro and in vivo assays and interpreting experimental results. This knowledge is also crucial when developing nano-applications and formulation for drug delivery systems. In this study, we found that extraction of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from cow serum results in lower polystyrene NPs aggregation. Moreover, addition of isolated IgG or fibrinogen to fetal cow serum enhanced this aggregation, thus demonstrating that these factors are major drivers of NP aggregation in serum. Counter-intuitively, NP aggregation was inversely dependent on protein concentration; i.e., low protein concentrations induced large aggregates, whereas high protein concentrations induced small aggregates. Protein-induced NP aggregation and aggregate size were monitored by absorbance at 400 nm and dynamic light scattering, respectively. Here, we propose a mechanism behind the protein concentration dependent aggregation; this mechanism involves the effects of multiple protein interactions on the NP surface, surface area limitations, aggregation kinetics, and the influence of other serum proteins.We thank Professor Sara Linse for scientific discussions and advice and Professor Patrik Brundin for enabling access to the light microscope. The project received financial support from Nanometer structure consortium at Lund University (nmC@LU), Lars Hierta Foundation, and the research school FLAK of Lund University
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