Kangal köpeklerinde normal intrarenal ve intrahepatik doppler parametrelerinin tespiti

Doppler ultrasonography is one of the tools that started to use recently in human and veterinary medicine for this purpose. Currently, there are many studies to investigate methods of earlier diagnosis of prognosis of renal and hepatic diseases. However there is stil no consensus among researchers about the normal values. To our knowledge no systematical research exits revealing the normal values of Kangal breed dogs. Our purpose in this research is to determine the normal renal and hepatic doppler values of Kangal breed. For this purpose, 30 Turkish Kangal dogs and 20 healty dogs from several breeds were included to the study. The mean value of renal resistive index (RI) and pulsative index (PI) were 0,65±0,04 and 1.13±0,05 for Turkish Kangal dogs; 0,64±0,08 and 1.12±0,05 for different breed dogs. For the hepatic RI and PI values 0,65±0,04 and, 1.16±0,03 for Turkish Kangal dogs; 0.63±0,04 and 1.15±0.04 for different breed dogs respectively. The hepatic and renal PI and RI values of Kangal dogs were found to be compatible with other breeds.Doppler ultrasonografi son zamanlarda insan hekimliği ve veteriner hekimlikte bu amaçla kullanılmaya başlanan araçlardan biridir. Halen, böbrek ve karaciğer hastalıklarının prognozunun erken teşhisi yöntemlerini araştıran birçok çalışma vardır. Ancak, araştırmacılar arasında normal değerler hakkında hala bir fikir birliği yoktur. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla Kangal cinsi köpeklerin normal değerlerini ortaya koyan hiçbir sistematik araştırma yapılmamıştır. Bu araştırmadaki amacımız Kangal ırkının normal böbrek ve karaciğer doppler değerlerini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla 30 Türk Kangal köpeği ve çeşitli ırklardan 20 sağlıklı köpek çalışmaya dahil edildi. Türk Kangal köpekleri için renal RI (rezistif indeks) ve PI (pulzatif indeks) ortalama değeri 0,65 ± 0,04 ve 1,13 ± 0,05; farklı cins köpekler için ise 0,64 ± 0,08 ve 1,12 ± 0,05 olarak belirlendi. Karaciğer için RI ve PI değerleri Türk kangal köpeklerinde 0,65±0,04 ve 1.16±0,03 olarak belirlenirken diğer köpeklerde ; 0.63±0,04 ve 1.15±0.04 olarak saptandı. Kangal köpeklerinin hepatik ve renal PI ve RI değerleri diğer ırklarla uyumlu bulundu

Određivanje razine nekih esencijalnih (željezo, bakar, cink) i toksičnih (olovo, kadmij) metala u krvi ovaca te u uzorcima vode, biljaka i tla u sjeverozapadnoj Turskoj.

The aim of this investigation was to determine the levels of trace elements (zinc, iron, copper), as well as of lead and cadmium, in both the soil and in organism in order to obtain more efficient economical results and healthier sheep breeds in Northwest Turkey. Based on the results of these analyses, we plan to make suggestions to veterinarians and sheep breeders in that region on how to improve their performance. The study was carried out on 400 sheep from different sites in Northwest Turkey and included the collection of water (n = 5), plant (n = 5) and soil (n = 5) samples from every district. When serum parameters were examined an important decrease in iron levels was found in the 8th, 9th and 10th districts, while the lowest zinc levels were found in the 1st and 7th districts, the lowest copper levels in the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 6th districts, the highest lead levels in the 9th and 10th districts, and the highest cadmium levels in the 2nd, 5th and 6th districts. Analyses of water, plant and soil samples showed significant differences in zinc and copper levels between districts. High levels of lead were detected in water and plant samples. We are of the opinion that important improvements will be obtained in the treatment and control of diseases due to deficiency of trace elements and of parasitic, bacterial and viral diseases due to related systems affected by such deficiencies if these results are appropriately communicated to animal breeders and veterinary surgeons operating in the regions in question.Cilj istraživanja bio je odrediti razinu elemenata u tragovima (cink, željezo, bakar), te olova i kadmija u tlu i organizmu ovaca kako bi se polučili bolji gospodarski rezultati i uzgajale zdravije pasmine ovaca u sjeverozapadnoj Turskoj. Na temelju rezultata, za navedena područja planiraju se preporuke veterinarima i uzgajivačima na osnovi kojih bi se unaprijedio njihov rad. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 400 ovaca iz različitih područja sjeverozapadne Turske. Uzimani su uzorci vode (n = 5), biljaka (n = 5) i tla (n = 5). Utvrđena je značajno niža razina željeza u 8., 9. i 10. području. Najniža razina cinka ustanovljena je u 1. i 7. području, najniža razina bakra u 1., 3., 5. i 6. području, dok su najviše razine olova utvrđene u 9. i 10. području, a kadmija u 2., 5. i 6. području. Analiza uzoraka vode, biljaka i tla pokazala je da između različitih područja postoje značajne razlike u razini cinka i bakra. Visoke razine olova ustanovljene su u uzorcima vode i biljaka. Prijenosom ovih rezultata do veterinara i uzgajivača iz promatranih područja, ostvarit će se značajna poboljšanja u liječenju i kontroli bolesti uzrokovanih deficijencijom elemenata u tragovima. Isto se može očekivati i za bolesti uzrokovane parazitima, bakterijama i virusima u kojih navedene deficijencije imaju određenu ulogu