7 research outputs found

    Profils bactériens et fongiques dans les fÚces des tisserins villageois (Ploceus cucullatus) dans la ville de Dschang et ses environs (Ouest-Cameroun)

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    Cette Ă©tude participe Ă  l’établissement de l’état de santĂ© des tisserins villageois (Ploceus cucullatus) dans la ville de Dschang et de ses environs, ainsi que sur les risques potentiels de transmission de leurs germes Ă  l’homme et aux autres animaux. A cet effet, un total de 65 oiseaux ont Ă©tĂ© capturĂ©s et examinĂ©s pour la recherche des microorganismes. Les techniques de culture, d’isolement, les tests colorimĂ©triques et biochimiques, de mĂȘme que les observations microscopiques ont permis l’identification de neuf genres d’entĂ©robactĂ©ries et deux espĂšces de levures dans les fĂšces des oiseaux. Les prĂ©valences obtenues pour les diffĂ©rents microorganismes Ă©taient les suivantes : Salmonella sp.  (78,46%), Escherichia coli (60,00%), Enterobacter sp. (56,92%), Proteus sp. (44,62%), Candida albicans (38,46%), Shigella sp. (9,23%), Yersinia sp. (9,23%) et Cryptococcus neoformans (4,62%). L’analyse de ces rĂ©sultats a pris en compte l’interaction des diffĂ©rentes variables  environnementales (sites de capture et saisons) et les caractĂ©ristiques de l’oiseau (Ăąge, sexe et poids). Les sites de capture, l’ñge et le sexe semblent ne pas influencer la transmission de ces agents infectieux chez le tisserin gendarme. Les hĂŽtes de faible poids ont tendance Ă  ĂȘtre plus infectĂ©s par Salmonella sp. La saison a influencĂ© significativement la transmission de Salmonella sp. et de Candida albicans. L’ensemble de ces observations permet de mieux comprendre l’interaction tisserin-microorganismes et soulĂšve bon nombre de questions sur la pathogĂ©nicitĂ© de ces microorganismes. Mots clĂ©s : Tisserin gendarme, agents infectieux, prĂ©valence, transmission, Dschang

    Prévalence des hémoparasites chez le tisserin villageois (Ploceus cucullatus) dans la ville de Dschang et ses environs (Ouest-Cameroun)

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    Cette Ă©tude Ă©value la prĂ©valence des hĂ©moparasites chez 62 tisserins gendarmes (Ploceus cucullatus) dans la ville de Dschang et ses environs. L’analyse des frottis sanguins de ces oiseaux pour la recherche des hĂ©matozoaires a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© 41 (soit 66,13%) porteurs d’au moins un genre d’hĂ©moparasites avec par ordre des prĂ©valences Plasmodium et/ou Haemoproteus (58,06%) ; Leucocytozoon (19,35%) et Trypanosoma (4,84%). Aucune microfilaire n’a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ©e. Pour l’analyse de ces observations, nous avons envisagĂ© l’interaction des diffĂ©rentes variables environnementales (sites de capture et saisons) et les caractĂ©ristiques de l’oiseau (Ăąge, sexe et poids). Aucune diffĂ©rence significative n’a Ă©tĂ© constatĂ©e pour les infestations Ă  hĂ©moparasites chez les tisserins en fonction du sexe, de l’ñge, du poids, du site de capture et de la saison. Les sites de capture, l’ñge et le sexe semblent ne pas influencer la transmission de ces parasites chez le tisserin gendarme. L’ensemble de ces observations permet de mieux comprendre l’interaction tisserin-parasites et soulĂšve bon nombre de questions sur la pathogĂ©nicitĂ© de ces parasites, leur transmission et les risques qu’ils prĂ©sentent pour la santé publique.Mots clĂ©s : Tisserin gendarme, hĂ©matozoaires, transmission, pathogĂ©nicit

    A study on pediatric nosocomial methicillin - resistant Staphlococcus aureus in Lagos, Nigeria

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    This work was undertaken to determine the incidence of nosocomial methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in children at a tertiary hospital and the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of MRSA compared with methicillin–sensitive (MSSA) strains. From 1994 to 1995, 4,981 admissions in the neonatal intensive care, paediatric surgical, general paediatric, and the well–baby wards of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital were prospectively monitored for nosocomial S. aureus infections. Antibiotic testing was performed on a total of 175 isolates of S. aureus obtained from 169 patients with nosocomial infections (NI) using a disk diffusion method and by E test (AB Biodisk, Sweden). In total, nosocomial MRSA infection was identified in 96 (1.9%) patients, rates recorded for patients in the various wards as stated above were 4.2%, 3.2%, 0.5% and 0% respectively. Correspondingly, the rate of nosocomial MRSA amongst all S. aureus infections was 63.6%, 44.7%, 41.7% and 0%, and 54.9% overall. All MRSA and MSSA were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and vancomycin. Clindamycin and rifampin (87-98%) were also highly effective against MRSA and MSSA, 78.3 % of MRSA and 91.7% MSSA were sensitive to fusidic acid. Gentamicin (70.9%) and erythromycin (65.8%) were also active on MSSA. Cotrimoxazole had low activity against all the strains. Following the high rate and multiresistant nature of nosocomial MRSA obtained in this study, there is need for intensive surveillance of such infections and initiation of stringent control measures in Nigeria and Africa at large.International Journal of Biological & Chemical Sciences Vol. 1 (1) 2007: pp. 54-6

    In vitro Activity of Ethanol, Cold Water and Hot Water Extracts of the Bark of Canthium mannii (Rubiaceae) Stem on Ancylostoma caninum Eggs

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    An in vitro evaluation was performed to determine the efficacy of ethanol, cold water and hot water extracts of the stem bark of Canthium mannii (Rubiaceae) on un-embryonated and embryonated eggs of Ancylostoma caninum obtained from the faeces of naturally infected local dogs. The extracts were diluted in distilled water to obtain five concentrations namely 125, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ”g/ml. Mebendazole, similarly diluted, distilled water and 0.02 % ethanol were used in the bioassay as the standard reference drug, placebo and ethanol control respectively. One milliliter portions of the extracts and controls at the different concentrations were added to 1 ml solutions containing 30 to 40 of the parasite eggs distributed in different Petri dishes followed by incubation at 24 °C for 48 h in the case of un-embryonated eggs and 6 h for the embryonated eggs, after which first stage larvae and eggs were counted. The 1000 ”g/ml ethanol extract produced a 90 % reduction in the number of eggs that hatched after treatment for 48 h. This effect was similar to that produced by mebendazole. The cold water and hot water extracts showed lower eclodibility inhibition (< 50 %) at all the concentrations tested. These results support the possible use of the ethanol extract of C. mannii in the control of gastrointestinal helminthiasis. These effects remain to be studied under in vivo conditions. Keywords: Canthium mannii, anthelmintic action, Ancylostoma caninum, Cameroon. The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 8 (3) 2005: pp 14-1
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